Eta

Definition

In historical Japanese context, 'eta' refers to a marginalized social class traditionally associated with occupations considered impure or unclean, such as leatherworking and waste disposal. This class emerged during the feudal period and was subjected to severe discrimination, being treated as outcasts within the broader societal structure, which reflected the rigid social hierarchy of ancient Japan.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The eta were considered a part of the 'hinin' class, which also included outcasts like entertainers and beggars, leading to their marginalization.
2. Throughout Japanese history, the eta faced significant legal restrictions and social ostracism, affecting their ability to own land or participate in certain professions.
3. The term 'eta' is now considered derogatory, and there has been a movement for social reform and recognition of the Burakumin's rights in modern Japan.
4. Historically, the eta's work with animal carcasses and leather was seen as polluting, aligning with Shinto beliefs about purity and impurity.
5. During the Meiji Restoration in the late 19th century, efforts were made to abolish the caste system; however, discrimination against the descendants of the eta persisted into the 20th century.

Review Questions

• How did the social status of eta affect their interactions with other classes in ancient Japan?
  • The social status of eta significantly impacted their interactions with other classes, as they were viewed as impure due to their occupations. This perception led to a strict segregation from samurai and commoners, who often refused to associate with them. As a result, eta individuals faced discrimination that restricted their rights and opportunities in society, reinforcing a cycle of marginalization.
• Analyze the role of Shinto beliefs in shaping societal attitudes towards the eta class in feudal Japan.
  • Shinto beliefs played a crucial role in shaping societal attitudes towards the eta class by emphasizing concepts of purity and pollution. Occupations associated with the eta, such as leatherworking or waste disposal, were deemed impure within this belief system. Consequently, this contributed to the stigmatization and discrimination against eta individuals, as they were seen as violating sacred notions of cleanliness that were central to Shinto practices.
• Evaluate the impact of modern movements aimed at addressing discrimination against descendants of eta on Japanese society.
  • Modern movements aimed at addressing discrimination against descendants of eta have significantly impacted Japanese society by raising awareness about historical injustices and advocating for equal rights. These movements have challenged long-standing stereotypes and encouraged policy changes that promote inclusion and representation. The recognition of Burakumin issues in contemporary discussions has fostered a broader dialogue on social equality in Japan, leading to gradual changes in public perception and legislative reforms aimed at improving the conditions of marginalized communities.

Related terms

Burakumin: A social minority group in Japan that descended from the eta and hinin, historically subjected to discrimination and social stigma.

Shinto: The indigenous spirituality of Japan, which emphasizes purity and often influenced societal attitudes towards the eta class due to their perceived impurity.

Samurai: The warrior class in feudal Japan, whose code of conduct (bushido) often excluded eta from societal participation due to their occupations.