Vault

Definition

A vault is an architectural structure formed by the arching of materials, typically used to create a ceiling or roof over a space. This innovation allowed for the development of larger and more complex interior spaces in buildings, demonstrating the Romans' mastery of engineering and design. Vaults can be found in various forms, such as barrel vaults and groin vaults, each contributing to the structural integrity and aesthetic appeal of Roman architecture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Romans perfected the use of vaults by combining them with arches, allowing for the construction of larger public buildings and spaces.
2. Barrel vaults are formed by extending a single curve along a length, creating a tunnel-like effect, while groin vaults result from the intersection of two barrel vaults.
3. Vaults were essential in enabling the construction of monumental structures such as the Pantheon and aqueducts, showcasing Roman engineering prowess.
4. The use of lightweight concrete allowed for thinner vaults, which reduced the weight on supporting walls and made it possible to create more ambitious designs.
5. Roman innovations in vault technology had a lasting influence on later architectural styles, paving the way for advancements in Gothic and Renaissance architecture.

Review Questions

• How did the use of vaults influence Roman architectural design and functionality?
  • The introduction of vaults revolutionized Roman architecture by allowing builders to create larger and more open interior spaces that were previously unattainable with traditional flat roofs. Vaults provided structural support while also enhancing aesthetic appeal through their elegant curves. This innovation led to the construction of iconic structures such as temples, basilicas, and amphitheaters, showcasing the Romans' advanced engineering skills.
• Compare and contrast barrel vaults and groin vaults in terms of their construction and applications in Roman architecture.
  • Barrel vaults are created by extending a single arch along a length, forming a continuous tunnel-like space, while groin vaults are formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults at right angles. Both types served similar functions in terms of providing structural support and creating expansive interiors. However, groin vaults allowed for greater flexibility in design and were often used in larger complexes like basilicas where multiple intersecting spaces were required.
• Evaluate the significance of Roman innovations in vault technology for subsequent architectural movements throughout history.
  • Roman innovations in vault technology laid the groundwork for future architectural advancements, particularly during the Gothic and Renaissance periods. The mastery of using arches and concrete allowed for more intricate designs that inspired architects in later centuries to push boundaries in building height and complexity. The ability to create vast interior spaces using vaulted ceilings influenced not only religious architecture but also public buildings, leaving a lasting legacy that can still be seen in modern architecture today.

Related terms

Arch:

A curved structure that spans an opening and supports weight above it, serving as a fundamental element in vault construction.

Concrete: A building material made from a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates, which the Romans innovatively used to create durable and complex structures, including vaults.

Basilica: A large public building used for legal and other civic proceedings, often featuring a series of vaults to create expansive interiors.