Corinthian

Definition

Corinthian refers to one of the classical orders of ancient Greek architecture, characterized by its ornate column style that features a slender, fluted shaft and a capital decorated with acanthus leaves and scrolls. This style emerged in the 5th century BCE and became popular in the Roman period, often used in temples, public buildings, and monuments, showcasing the grandeur and sophistication of architectural design during this time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Corinthian order is considered the most elaborate of the three classical orders, reflecting the aesthetic values of later Greek and Roman architecture.
2. It was commonly used in Roman temples, including the Pantheon and the Temple of Jupiter, which demonstrated the influence of Greek architecture on Roman design.
3. The Corinthian capital's intricate decoration symbolizes wealth and power, making it a preferred choice for grand civic structures.
4. Architect Vitruvius described the Corinthian order in his work 'De Architectura,' emphasizing its elegance and beauty compared to other orders.
5. The Corinthian style continued to influence architectural design through the Renaissance and into modern times, seen in buildings like the United States Capitol.

Review Questions

• Compare and contrast the Corinthian order with the Doric and Ionic orders in terms of design features and aesthetic purpose.
  • The Corinthian order stands out as the most ornate among the classical orders, featuring a slender shaft and a highly decorative capital adorned with acanthus leaves. In contrast, the Doric order is more robust and simplistic, with a plain capital and no base. The Ionic order falls between these two; it is more slender than Doric but less elaborate than Corinthian, featuring volutes. Each order served different aesthetic purposes: Doric conveyed strength, Ionic suggested elegance, while Corinthian emphasized grandeur and refinement.
• Discuss how the Corinthian order was adapted during the Roman period and its impact on architecture.
  • During the Roman period, the Corinthian order was embraced for its ornamental quality, leading to widespread use in monumental architecture. Romans adapted it by enhancing its decorative elements, incorporating it into various structures such as temples, basilicas, and public buildings. This adaptation showcased Rome's wealth and cultural sophistication while also influencing architectural styles across Europe. The grandeur of Corinthian columns became synonymous with Roman imperial power and contributed significantly to the architectural legacy that shaped Western design.
• Evaluate the lasting influence of the Corinthian order on contemporary architecture and design principles.
  • The enduring legacy of the Corinthian order can be seen in contemporary architecture, where its elements are often incorporated into government buildings, universities, and monuments worldwide. Its aesthetic appeal continues to symbolize authority and grandeur in architectural design. Modern interpretations maintain key features like fluted shafts and elaborate capitals while adapting them for new materials and contexts. By analyzing how architects use these classical elements today, one can appreciate their ongoing influence on aesthetics and urban design principles.

Related terms

Doric: The Doric order is the simplest of the classical architectural orders, known for its sturdy, fluted columns with a plain capital.

Ionic: The Ionic order is characterized by its more slender columns and volute (scroll-like) capitals, representing a more decorative style than Doric.

Entablature: The entablature is the horizontal structure supported by columns, consisting of three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice.