Democracy

Definition

Democracy is a system of government where power is vested in the people, who exercise that power directly or through elected representatives. This political framework emphasizes participation, equality, and the protection of individual rights, which were essential elements during the rise of the polis system in ancient Greece, particularly in city-states like Athens.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The concept of democracy emerged around the 5th century BCE in Athens, where citizens actively participated in political decision-making.
2. In a direct democracy, citizens voted on laws and policies themselves rather than through elected representatives, a hallmark of Athenian governance.
3. Participation was limited to free male citizens; women, slaves, and foreigners were excluded from the democratic process.
4. Democratic principles such as equality before the law and the idea of majority rule were foundational to the functioning of the polis system.
5. The development of democracy influenced other forms of governance throughout history and laid the groundwork for modern democratic systems.

Review Questions

• How did the establishment of democracy in city-states like Athens change the political landscape of ancient Greece?
  • The establishment of democracy in city-states like Athens transformed the political landscape by empowering ordinary citizens to engage directly in governance. This shift moved away from aristocratic rule towards a system where political power was shared among free male citizens. As a result, it encouraged broader participation and fostered a sense of community and civic responsibility, shaping the identity of these city-states.
• Analyze the relationship between democracy and civic participation within the context of the rise of the polis system in ancient Greece.
  • Democracy and civic participation were deeply intertwined in the rise of the polis system. The polis was designed to facilitate active involvement from its citizens, allowing them to vote on legislation and participate in assemblies. This engagement not only strengthened the political structure but also reinforced social bonds among citizens, emphasizing the importance of community involvement as a vital component of democratic governance.
• Evaluate the impact of exclusionary practices within ancient Greek democracy on its overall effectiveness and legacy in subsequent political systems.
  • The exclusionary practices inherent in ancient Greek democracy, particularly regarding who could participate—namely, free male citizens—limited its overall effectiveness by not representing all segments of society. This exclusion laid bare significant inequalities that persisted throughout history. However, it also sparked discussions about citizenship and rights that have influenced later democratic developments, leading to broader definitions of democracy that include more inclusive practices seen in modern political systems.

Related terms

polis:

A city-state in ancient Greece that served as a central urban area and the surrounding countryside, functioning as an independent political entity.

ostracism: A political practice in Athens where citizens could vote to exile an individual for ten years, often used to protect the city from potential tyrants.

assembly: A gathering of citizens in a polis, particularly in Athens, where they would meet to discuss and vote on important political decisions and policies.