Cornice

Definition

A cornice is an architectural element that forms the uppermost part of a building's exterior or a room, typically projecting outward. It serves both a decorative and functional purpose, as it helps to direct rainwater away from the walls and provides a visual termination to the structure. Cornices can be highly ornate, often featuring intricate moldings or carvings, reflecting the style and period of the building.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cornices are found in various architectural styles, including classical Greek and Roman designs, as well as in later European styles such as Baroque and Neoclassical.
2. In classical architecture, cornices are often composed of several distinct sections, including the crowning molding at the top and a projecting ledge.
3. Cornices can be made from a variety of materials, including stone, wood, plaster, and modern materials like fiberglass and synthetic composites.
4. In addition to their decorative role, cornices are crucial for water drainage; they help to prevent rainwater from running down the walls and causing damage.
5. Architectural cornices can also be used to enhance the overall height and grandeur of a building, making them an important aspect of its visual impact.

Review Questions

• How does the design of a cornice contribute to both the aesthetics and functionality of a building?
  • The design of a cornice enhances a building's aesthetics by providing a decorative finish that can reflect the architectural style and period. Functionally, cornices are essential for directing rainwater away from walls to prevent moisture damage. This dual purpose makes cornices critical elements in architecture, contributing to both visual appeal and structural integrity.
• Discuss the relationship between a cornice and other architectural elements like the frieze and entablature.
  • A cornice is an integral part of the entablature system in classical architecture, which consists of three main sections: the architrave at the bottom, the frieze in the middle, and the cornice at the top. The frieze sits directly below the cornice and can feature decorative elements that complement or enhance its design. This relationship emphasizes how these elements work together to create a cohesive look while fulfilling structural roles.
• Evaluate how different materials used in constructing cornices can affect their durability and maintenance over time.
  • The choice of materials for cornices significantly impacts their durability and maintenance needs. For instance, stone cornices are highly durable but may require periodic restoration due to weathering. In contrast, wooden cornices may offer aesthetic warmth but can be susceptible to rot or insect damage without proper treatment. Materials like fiberglass or synthetic composites are lightweight and resistant to weather conditions but might lack traditional appeal. Evaluating these aspects is crucial for ensuring long-term performance and preservation of architectural heritage.

Related terms

frieze: A horizontal band that runs along the upper part of a wall, often decorated with relief sculptures or painted designs, found just below the cornice.

entablature:

The horizontal structure supported by columns, which includes the cornice, frieze, and architrave, collectively forming the upper portion of classical architecture.

pediment:

A triangular space formed at the top of a building's facade, typically above the cornice, often featuring decorative elements such as sculptures or reliefs.