Bodhisattva

Definition

A bodhisattva is a being who has attained enlightenment but chooses to delay entering Nirvana in order to help others achieve enlightenment. This concept embodies the ideal of compassion and selflessness in Buddhism, as bodhisattvas dedicate themselves to the welfare of all sentient beings, often undertaking vows to assist those in need.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bodhisattvas can be found in both Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism, but they are especially prominent in Mahayana teachings, where they are revered as ideal figures.
2. In Mahayana texts, famous bodhisattvas include Avalokiteshvara, the embodiment of compassion, and Manjushri, the embodiment of wisdom.
3. The vows taken by bodhisattvas include the intention to attain enlightenment for themselves while also committing to help others on their spiritual journeys.
4. Bodhisattvas are often depicted in art and literature, symbolizing the fusion of wisdom and compassion, which serves as an inspiration for practitioners.
5. The bodhisattva path is characterized by the practice of the six paramitas (perfections): generosity, moral discipline, patience, effort, meditation, and wisdom.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of a bodhisattva differ between Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism?
  • In Mahayana Buddhism, a bodhisattva is viewed as an ideal figure who postpones their own entry into Nirvana to assist others in achieving enlightenment. They embody compassion and selflessness, often taking vows to help all sentient beings. In contrast, Theravada Buddhism emphasizes individual enlightenment and does not promote the same active role for bodhisattvas; rather, it focuses on personal attainment of Nirvana without the same communal aspect found in Mahayana traditions.
• Discuss the significance of the six paramitas in relation to the bodhisattva path.
  • The six paramitas are essential practices that guide a bodhisattva on their path toward enlightenment while helping others. These include generosity, which encourages selfless giving; moral discipline, which ensures ethical conduct; patience, which fosters resilience; effort, which drives continuous improvement; meditation, which deepens understanding; and wisdom, which allows for discernment. Together, these practices shape the character and actions of a bodhisattva, embodying the compassion central to their mission.
• Evaluate the role of famous bodhisattvas like Avalokiteshvara in Buddhist literature and culture.
  • Avalokiteshvara plays a significant role in Buddhist literature and culture as a symbol of compassion and mercy. Representing the ideal qualities of a bodhisattva, Avalokiteshvara's presence in texts and art serves to inspire practitioners to cultivate similar virtues. This figure's narratives often highlight themes of devotion and altruism, encouraging followers to embody these traits in their own lives. The impact of Avalokiteshvara extends beyond mere representation; it shapes religious practices and community values centered around compassion and service to others.

Related terms

Nirvana: The ultimate state of liberation and freedom from the cycle of birth and death (samsara) in Buddhism, representing the cessation of suffering.

Mahayana: A major branch of Buddhism that emphasizes the role of bodhisattvas and advocates for the pursuit of enlightenment for oneself and all sentient beings.

Karma: The principle of cause and effect in Buddhism, where a person's actions determine their future experiences and rebirths.