Cheng hao

Definition

Cheng hao, often translated as 'standardized characters' or 'formulated principles,' refers to the concept in Chinese literature and culture that emphasizes the importance of established norms and ideals in writing and expression. This term highlights the interplay between Confucian and Daoist thought, showcasing how both traditions have influenced literary standards, the moral responsibilities of writers, and the aesthetic values of texts throughout history.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cheng hao signifies the balance between personal expression and adherence to established literary norms shaped by Confucian values.
2. In literature, Cheng hao influences themes of morality, ethics, and social responsibility, making writers conscious of their impact on society.
3. The concept encourages a synthesis of diverse literary forms, allowing for innovative expression while respecting traditional frameworks.
4. Writers influenced by Cheng hao often seek to achieve an ideal state of harmony between content and form in their works.
5. Cheng hao reflects the tension between individual creativity and collective standards in Chinese literary culture, showing how both Confucianism and Daoism contribute to artistic expression.

Review Questions

• How does Cheng hao illustrate the relationship between individual creativity and established literary norms in Chinese literature?
  • Cheng hao illustrates this relationship by emphasizing the importance of adhering to established norms while allowing room for individual expression. Writers influenced by Cheng hao must navigate the balance between following Confucian ideals of moral responsibility and incorporating their unique voice. This interplay allows for creativity within a framework that values tradition, demonstrating how both Confucian and Daoist ideas shape literary production.
• In what ways do Confucian and Daoist philosophies converge and diverge in relation to Cheng hao's principles in literature?
  • Confucianism converges with Cheng hao by stressing moral integrity and social responsibility in writing, promoting works that align with ethical ideals. In contrast, Daoism diverges by emphasizing spontaneity and naturalness, encouraging writers to express themselves freely without strict adherence to societal expectations. Together, these philosophies create a rich tapestry within which Cheng hao operates, allowing for both structured morality and individual creativity.
• Evaluate the significance of Cheng hao in understanding the development of Chinese literary standards and its implications for contemporary literature.
  • The significance of Cheng hao lies in its dual role as a bridge between traditional values and modern expression in Chinese literature. By understanding Cheng hao, one can see how historical norms have evolved yet continue to influence contemporary writing. This concept encourages authors today to reflect on their moral responsibilities while engaging creatively with their cultural heritage, ultimately shaping a dynamic literary landscape that honors the past while embracing innovation.

Related terms

Confucianism: A philosophical system based on the teachings of Confucius that emphasizes moral integrity, social harmony, and respect for tradition.

Daoism: An ancient Chinese philosophy that advocates for living in harmony with the Dao, or 'the Way,' promoting naturalness, simplicity, and spontaneity.

Literary Canon: A collection of works considered to be representative of a particular culture or literary tradition, often used as a standard for evaluating literature.