Supertonic

Definition

The supertonic is the second scale degree in a diatonic scale, positioned one whole step above the tonic. It serves as an important harmonic and melodic element within music, providing tension that often resolves back to the tonic or is used to create movement toward other scale degrees, like the dominant.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In a major scale, the supertonic note is a whole step above the tonic note. For example, in C major, D is the supertonic.
2. The supertonic can function as a minor chord in both major and minor scales, contributing to tonal harmony.
3. Commonly, the supertonic leads to the dominant chord, creating a sense of motion and anticipation within a musical progression.
4. In classical harmony, the supertonic chord is often used as a predominant chord that sets up the transition to the dominant chord.
5. The supertonic appears frequently in melodies and harmonies, enriching musical texture and providing variety in musical compositions.

Review Questions

• How does the role of the supertonic differ when used in major versus minor scales?
  • In major scales, the supertonic is typically a minor chord that leads smoothly to the dominant chord. In contrast, in natural minor scales, the supertonic functions as a diminished chord, creating different tensions and resolutions. This difference affects how melodies are constructed and how harmonic progressions unfold in compositions.
• Discuss how the supertonic contributes to harmonic progressions within tonal music.
  • The supertonic plays a crucial role in harmonic progressions by functioning as a predominant chord that prepares for the dominant chord. When composers use the supertonic, they create tension that naturally resolves to the dominant or back to the tonic, adding depth and movement to musical phrases. This relationship is essential for building dynamic and engaging harmonic structures.
• Evaluate the importance of the supertonic in establishing musical themes across different genres.
  • The supertonic's significance in music transcends genres, as it provides essential connectivity within melodies and harmonies. Its ability to create tension and lead into resolutions makes it vital in crafting themes that resonate with listeners. In pop, classical, or jazz music, understanding and utilizing the supertonic allows musicians to enhance their compositional techniques and develop memorable musical motifs that engage audiences effectively.

Related terms

tonic: The tonic is the first scale degree of a diatonic scale and serves as the home base or primary pitch around which the other notes are organized.

dominant: The dominant is the fifth scale degree in a diatonic scale, creating strong harmonic tension that typically resolves back to the tonic.

subdominant: The subdominant is the fourth scale degree in a diatonic scale, functioning as a bridge between the tonic and dominant, often leading to further harmonic progression.