In music notation, a stem is a vertical line that extends from the note head of a written musical note, either upwards or downwards, helping to indicate the pitch and duration of the note. The direction of the stem is based on the note's position on the staff; stems that are attached to notes below the middle line extend upward, while those attached to notes above it extend downward. Stems are crucial for reading music as they contribute to the overall visual organization of notes.
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