Imperfect authentic cadence

Definition

An imperfect authentic cadence is a type of harmonic resolution that occurs when a dominant chord (V) resolves to a tonic chord (I), but with one or both of the chords being in an inversion. This creates a less definitive conclusion than a perfect authentic cadence, often leaving the listener with a sense of anticipation rather than closure.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Imperfect authentic cadences can occur with the V chord in either first inversion (viio) or when the tonic chord (I) is in inversion, which alters the sound and function of the cadence.
2. They are often used to create a feeling of tension or to prolong the musical phrase before reaching a more definitive closure later on.
3. In classical music, these cadences are commonly found at the end of phrases but may also appear within phrases to create harmonic interest.
4. The imperfect authentic cadence has an important role in shaping the overall emotional arc of a piece by balancing moments of tension and resolution.
5. Composers frequently utilize imperfect authentic cadences to lead into more conclusive resolutions, helping to maintain momentum in harmonic progressions.

Review Questions

• How does an imperfect authentic cadence differ from a perfect authentic cadence in terms of chord structure?
  • An imperfect authentic cadence differs from a perfect authentic cadence primarily in the inversion of the chords involved. In an imperfect authentic cadence, either the V chord is in an inversion or the I chord is not in root position. This results in a less conclusive sound compared to a perfect authentic cadence, where both chords are in their fundamental positions, providing a stronger resolution.
• Discuss the role of imperfect authentic cadences in creating tension within musical phrases.
  • Imperfect authentic cadences play a crucial role in creating tension within musical phrases by offering a sense of unresolved harmony. Unlike perfect cadences that provide closure, imperfect cadences leave listeners anticipating further musical development. Composers often use these cadences strategically to prolong phrases and maintain interest, making them essential tools for shaping emotional dynamics within pieces.
• Evaluate how composers might use imperfect authentic cadences strategically within their compositions to affect listener perception.
  • Composers may use imperfect authentic cadences strategically to guide listeners' emotional responses and manipulate tension within their compositions. By employing these cadences, they can create suspenseful moments that invite further exploration rather than providing immediate resolution. This technique allows composers to develop themes more intricately and sustain engagement throughout the piece. As listeners encounter these cadences, they become more attuned to shifts in mood and direction, enhancing the overall narrative experience of the music.

Related terms

Perfect Authentic Cadence:

A perfect authentic cadence occurs when a V chord resolves to a root position I chord, typically with both chords in their fundamental forms, creating a strong sense of resolution.

Harmonic Progression:

A harmonic progression is a sequence of chords played in succession, which creates a sense of movement and direction in music.

Cadence:

A cadence is a musical term that refers to a sequence of chords that brings a phrase, section, or piece of music to a close or pause.