Harmonic minor scale

Definition

The harmonic minor scale is a seven-note scale that is derived from the natural minor scale by raising the seventh degree, creating a distinctive sound often associated with classical and Middle Eastern music. This raised seventh degree provides a leading tone that creates a stronger resolution to the tonic, enhancing the harmonic function of the scale. The unique pattern of whole and half steps gives the harmonic minor scale its characteristic sound and ties it closely to concepts of melody and harmony.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The harmonic minor scale's unique interval pattern is: W-H-W-W-H-W+H-H, where W+H represents the augmented second between the sixth and seventh degrees.
2. The raised seventh degree creates a stronger resolution in chord progressions, particularly from the dominant chord back to the tonic.
3. In classical music, the harmonic minor scale is often used to create tension and drama, particularly in cadences.
4. The harmonic minor scale is frequently utilized in various musical styles, including jazz, metal, and world music, due to its exotic sound.
5. When harmonizing the harmonic minor scale, one common practice is to use diminished chords built on the seventh degree, which enhances its unique character.

Review Questions

• How does the structure of the harmonic minor scale differ from that of the natural minor scale?
  • The harmonic minor scale differs from the natural minor scale primarily by having a raised seventh degree. While the natural minor follows a specific pattern of whole and half steps, resulting in intervals that create a more somber sound, the harmonic minor introduces an augmented second between the sixth and seventh degrees. This change not only alters the overall sound of the scale but also enhances harmonic functions by providing a leading tone that resolves more effectively to the tonic.
• What role does the leading tone play in chord progressions that utilize the harmonic minor scale?
  • The leading tone in the harmonic minor scale is crucial for establishing tension within chord progressions. By being raised compared to its position in the natural minor scale, this seventh degree creates a stronger pull towards the tonic note. As a result, chords built on this leading tone typically resolve to the tonic chord, which reinforces the sense of resolution in music. This functionality is especially important in cadences, where strong resolutions enhance musical phrases.
• Evaluate how different musical styles might incorporate the harmonic minor scale and its unique features.
  • Various musical styles such as classical, jazz, metal, and world music incorporate the harmonic minor scale due to its distinctive tonal qualities. In classical music, composers often exploit its tension through cadences and dramatic modulations. Jazz musicians might use it for improvisation over dominant chords or modal exchanges, while metal guitarists often apply its exotic sound for solos. World music frequently employs scales like this one to evoke specific cultural feelings or atmospheres. Each style takes advantage of the harmonic minor's raised seventh degree and intervallic structure to create rich emotional landscapes.

Related terms

Natural Minor Scale: A seven-note scale that follows the pattern of whole and half steps: W-H-W-W-H-W-W, creating a more somber sound without the raised seventh.

Leading Tone: The seventh scale degree in the harmonic minor scale, which is raised to create a stronger pull back to the tonic, often used in harmonic progressions.

Melodic Minor Scale: A seven-note scale that alters both the sixth and seventh degrees when ascending (raised) but typically returns to the natural minor form when descending.