Subdominant

Definition

The subdominant is the fourth scale degree of a diatonic scale, often functioning as a harmonic pivot in Western music. It is crucial in establishing tonality and supports the movement toward the dominant chord, creating tension and resolution within musical phrases. The subdominant chord typically consists of the first, third, and fifth notes of the scale built on the fourth degree, playing a vital role in chord progressions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In the key of C major, the subdominant chord is F major, consisting of the notes F, A, and C.
2. The subdominant often precedes the dominant chord in common chord progressions, enhancing the sense of movement within the music.
3. Subdominant chords can create a feeling of uplift or anticipation, making them important in shaping musical phrases and structure.
4. In many popular music styles, such as rock and pop, the subdominant is frequently used to create memorable hooks and transitions.
5. The subdominant can also be extended into more complex chords like seventh or ninth chords, adding richness and depth to harmony.

Review Questions

• How does the subdominant function in relation to other chords within a key?
  • The subdominant serves as an important link between the tonic and dominant chords in a key. It provides harmonic support and creates tension that resolves when moving to the dominant. This relationship helps to establish tonal centers and contributes to the overall progression and narrative structure of a piece of music.
• Discuss how the subdominant can influence musical phrases and structure in various genres.
  • The subdominant has a unique ability to shape musical phrases by introducing an uplifting quality that leads to greater anticipation. In genres like classical, rock, and jazz, it often serves as a pivotal point before transitioning to the dominant or tonic. This influence allows composers and songwriters to craft dynamic arrangements that engage listeners through tension and release.
• Evaluate the significance of using subdominant chords in contemporary music composition and their impact on emotional expression.
  • In contemporary music composition, subdominant chords are significant for their ability to evoke emotions and create memorable moments within songs. By incorporating these chords into progressions, composers can manipulate feelings of hopefulness or nostalgia, which resonate with listeners. Their use not only enriches harmonic language but also reflects broader trends in music that prioritize emotional connectivity and narrative depth.

Related terms

Tonic:

The tonic is the first scale degree of a diatonic scale, serving as the home base or point of rest in tonal music.

Dominant: The dominant is the fifth scale degree of a diatonic scale and plays a key role in creating tension that resolves back to the tonic.

Chord Progression:

A chord progression is a sequence of chords played in succession, forming the harmonic foundation of a piece of music.