Pulcinella

Definition

Pulcinella is a ballet composed by Igor Stravinsky in 1920, which represents a significant example of Neoclassicism in music. The work is based on the commedia dell'arte character Pulcinella, reflecting the influence of earlier musical styles and forms while blending them with modern techniques. This ballet marked a departure from the emotional intensity of Romanticism, showcasing a return to clarity, balance, and formal structure typical of Neoclassical art.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Stravinsky's Pulcinella is based on music attributed to Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, showcasing how Stravinsky reinterpreted earlier works for modern audiences.
2. The ballet incorporates various dance styles and is known for its playful and whimsical nature, aligning with the comedic aspects of the character Pulcinella.
3. The work features a small orchestra, which reflects Neoclassical ideals by emphasizing clarity and transparency over the lush orchestrations common in late Romantic music.
4. Pulcinella's premiere was held at the Paris Opera, where it was well-received and contributed to Stravinsky's reputation as a leading figure in contemporary music.
5. The ballet's success led to Stravinsky's further exploration of Neoclassicism, influencing his later compositions and helping to shape the direction of 20th-century music.

Review Questions

• How does Pulcinella exemplify the principles of Neoclassicism in music?
  • Pulcinella exemplifies Neoclassicism through its clear structure, balanced forms, and incorporation of older musical elements. Stravinsky's use of Pergolesi's music demonstrates a respect for classical traditions while infusing it with contemporary techniques. The playful nature of the ballet reflects a departure from the emotional depth typical of Romanticism, focusing instead on formal clarity and light-heartedness that are hallmarks of Neoclassical art.
• In what ways did Igor Stravinsky's Pulcinella influence later developments in 20th-century music?
  • Pulcinella influenced later developments by showcasing how composers could integrate historical elements into modern works. The ballet's successful blending of styles encouraged other composers to explore Neoclassical ideas, leading to a resurgence of interest in past musical forms and structures. This exploration allowed for a redefinition of composition techniques that moved away from Romanticism towards a more balanced and structured approach in 20th-century music.
• Evaluate the significance of commedia dell'arte in shaping the character and themes present in Stravinsky's Pulcinella.
  • Commedia dell'arte significantly shapes Pulcinella by providing a rich source of comedic and theatrical elements that enhance the narrative. The character Pulcinella embodies traits such as wit, cunning, and humor, which are central to commedia performances. By drawing from this tradition, Stravinsky not only creates a vibrant musical experience but also connects his work to historical theatrical practices, highlighting how ancient forms can inform modern artistic expressions while maintaining their relevance.

Related terms

Neoclassicism: An artistic movement that emerged in the 20th century, characterized by a return to classical ideals of harmony, order, and formality in art and music.

Igor Stravinsky:

A prominent composer of the 20th century known for his innovative use of rhythm and orchestration, particularly in works like 'The Firebird', 'Petrushka', and 'The Rite of Spring'.

Commedia dell'arte: A form of theatrical performance characterized by masked types and improvisational style, originating in Italy during the Renaissance.