Judgmental Sampling

Definition

Judgmental sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where the researcher selects participants based on their knowledge, expertise, or specific criteria rather than random selection. This approach is often used when the researcher needs to gather insights from particular individuals who are believed to be representative of the population or possess relevant information. The method can lead to biased results if not approached carefully, but it can also yield valuable qualitative data in archaeological contexts.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Judgmental sampling is often used in archaeology when researchers need to focus on specific individuals or groups that have unique insights about a site or artifact.
2. This technique can be particularly useful in exploratory research, where understanding context and nuances is more important than statistical generalization.
3. Although judgmental sampling provides qualitative insights, it can introduce bias if the chosen participants do not accurately represent the broader population.
4. Archaeologists might use judgmental sampling to select expert opinions from historians or local community members familiar with a site’s history.
5. Careful consideration of selection criteria is essential in judgmental sampling to minimize bias and enhance the validity of the gathered data.

Review Questions

• How does judgmental sampling differ from probability sampling methods in archaeological research?
  • Judgmental sampling differs from probability sampling methods because it does not rely on random selection; instead, it involves the researcher selecting participants based on specific criteria or expertise. This method allows for targeted insights from knowledgeable individuals but can lead to biased results if the sample is not representative of the larger population. In contrast, probability sampling aims to ensure that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, which helps in obtaining a more statistically valid representation.
• What are some potential biases associated with using judgmental sampling in archaeological studies?
  • Some potential biases associated with judgmental sampling include selection bias, where certain viewpoints are overrepresented while others are ignored, leading to skewed data. Researchers may unconsciously favor participants who align with their own perspectives or overlook voices from marginalized groups. Additionally, if the criteria for selection are not well-defined, this can further contribute to bias by excluding valuable insights from other knowledgeable individuals who do not meet those arbitrary standards.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of judgmental sampling in gathering qualitative data for archaeological research compared to quantitative methods.
  • The effectiveness of judgmental sampling in gathering qualitative data lies in its ability to provide rich, contextual insights that quantitative methods may overlook. By focusing on specific individuals with relevant knowledge, researchers can capture nuanced information about cultural practices, historical significance, or local narratives related to archaeological findings. However, this approach's subjective nature may limit its applicability for broader generalizations. In contrast, quantitative methods allow for statistical analysis and objectivity but may miss critical qualitative aspects of human experience and interpretation that enrich archaeological understanding.

Related terms

Non-Probability Sampling: A sampling technique where not all members of the population have a chance of being included in the sample, often leading to bias.

Qualitative Research: A research method focused on understanding human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior, often involving non-numerical data.

Stratified Sampling: A probability sampling technique where the population is divided into subgroups, or strata, and samples are taken from each stratum to ensure representation.