The Pythagorean identity is a fundamental equation in trigonometry that relates the squares of the sine and cosine functions of an angle, expressed as $$ ext{sin}^2(x) + ext{cos}^2(x) = 1$$. This identity illustrates the intrinsic connection between these two functions and is vital in understanding how they behave on the unit circle. It forms the basis for deriving other identities and solving various trigonometric equations.
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