American Realism

Definition

American realism is a literary movement that emerged in the late 19th century, emphasizing the depiction of everyday life and ordinary people with a focus on social issues, rather than romanticized ideals. This movement sought to portray life accurately and authentically, reflecting the complexities of American society and culture during a time of great change, particularly through the works of notable authors.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. American realism gained prominence during the post-Civil War era when authors sought to address the realities of a rapidly industrializing society and its impact on individuals.
2. Mark Twain is often regarded as a key figure in American realism, particularly through his works like 'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,' which explore themes of race, identity, and morality.
3. Henry James contributed to realism with a focus on psychological depth and complex characters, often examining the nuances of social class and cultural differences.
4. Edith Wharton addressed social issues within upper-class society, particularly in her novels such as 'The Age of Innocence,' which critiques societal expectations and the constraints of marriage.
5. Realism marked a departure from romanticism by prioritizing detailed settings and character development over sensational plots or idealized representations.

Review Questions

• How does American realism differentiate itself from earlier literary movements such as romanticism?
  • American realism stands apart from romanticism by its commitment to depicting life as it truly is rather than through idealized or exaggerated portrayals. While romanticism often focuses on heroism, adventure, and the beauty of nature, realism emphasizes everyday experiences, ordinary characters, and social issues that reflect the real world. This shift highlights a new literary approach that seeks authenticity in storytelling.
• In what ways did Mark Twain's works embody the principles of American realism, particularly regarding social issues?
  • Mark Twain's writings exemplify American realism through his candid portrayal of societal issues such as racism, class conflict, and moral ambiguity. In 'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,' Twain presents a realistic depiction of life along the Mississippi River while addressing the deeply ingrained racism of the time. His characters are complex and flawed, reflecting real human experiences and ethical dilemmas, which is central to the realist movement.
• Evaluate how Edith Wharton's exploration of upper-class society in her novels serves as a critique of American cultural norms in the context of realism.
  • Edith Wharton's novels offer a critical lens on the moral complexities and constraints faced by individuals in upper-class society during her time. Her work frequently examines themes such as social obligation and the limitations placed on women's choices within marriage. By employing realist techniques to depict her characters' struggles against societal expectations, Wharton exposes the hypocrisy and rigidity of social norms. This dual focus on character development and social critique enhances our understanding of American cultural dynamics during the period.

Related terms

Naturalism:

A literary movement closely related to realism, naturalism emphasizes a more scientific approach to human behavior, suggesting that environment, heredity, and social conditions determine character and fate.

Regionalism:

A literary style that focuses on specific geographic regions, capturing the unique characteristics, dialects, and customs of those areas while often highlighting social issues relevant to those communities.

Social Commentary: The use of literature to provide insight into societal issues, norms, and conditions, often aiming to raise awareness or provoke thought about social justice and change.