Alexandrine

Definition

An alexandrine is a line of verse consisting of twelve syllables, traditionally divided into two halves of six syllables each, often used in French poetry and drama. This poetic form became particularly significant during the era of French Neoclassical Theatre, where playwrights embraced strict rules in structure and style to enhance the aesthetic quality of their works. The alexandrine's rhythmic quality and balance made it a favored choice for dramatists like Molière, Racine, and Corneille, allowing for both lyrical beauty and dramatic expression.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The alexandrine is composed of 12 syllables, typically structured into two hemistichs (half-lines) of 6 syllables each, creating a natural pause that enhances its musicality.
2. French Neoclassical playwrights adhered to strict rules regarding the use of alexandrine in their works to align with the ideals of order and harmony.
3. Racine and Corneille effectively employed alexandrines to convey emotional depth and complexity in their characters, reinforcing the dramatic tension in their plays.
4. Molière's comedic genius also found expression through alexandrine lines, where he mixed humor with the refined structure to satirize societal norms.
5. The shift from alexandrine to more varied forms in later periods reflected broader changes in literary tastes and the emergence of romanticism, highlighting its historical significance.

Review Questions

• How does the structure of an alexandrine influence its use in French Neoclassical Theatre?
  • The structure of an alexandrine, with its twelve syllables split into two six-syllable halves, allows for a balanced rhythm that enhances the flow of dialogue. In French Neoclassical Theatre, this rhythmic quality contributes to the formal tone and heightened emotion typical of the genre. The enforced cadence also helped playwrights maintain a sense of control over the dialogue's pacing and delivery, which was essential for both dramatic effect and audience engagement.
• Compare how different playwrights like Molière and Racine utilized alexandrine in their works. What are the outcomes of their approaches?
  • Molière utilized alexandrine primarily in his comedic plays, incorporating wit and humor into the structured form, which allowed him to satirize social issues while still adhering to poetic tradition. In contrast, Racine employed alexandrines to convey deep emotional intensity and psychological complexity in his tragedies. This divergence led to distinct outcomes: Molière’s works became known for their lively banter and sharp social critique, while Racine’s pieces were celebrated for their emotional resonance and exploration of human passions.
• Evaluate the impact of transitioning away from the alexandrine form on modern French drama. What does this shift signify about changing literary trends?
  • The transition away from using the alexandrine form in modern French drama signifies a broader movement towards more flexible and varied poetic structures that reflect contemporary themes and styles. As literature evolved towards realism and romanticism, playwrights sought to break free from rigid forms to better express individual emotions and societal issues. This shift highlights a departure from strict adherence to tradition, allowing for more personal expression and innovative storytelling that resonates with diverse audiences. It illustrates how literature adapts to cultural shifts while retaining its roots in historical forms like the alexandrine.

Related terms

Couplet: A pair of successive rhyming lines, typically of the same length, often used to conclude a stanza or a poem.

Iambic pentameter: A metrical line consisting of five feet (iambs), each foot having one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, common in English poetry.

Versification:

The process of composing verses, which includes the study of meter, rhyme, and the overall structure of poetry.