Michael Long

Definition

Michael Long is a prominent figure in the field of second language acquisition (SLA), known for his contributions to the Interaction Hypothesis, which posits that language acquisition is facilitated through interaction and communication. His work emphasizes the importance of meaningful conversation and negotiation of meaning as crucial elements for effective language learning. Long's research has significantly influenced pedagogical approaches and frameworks in language education.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Michael Long introduced the Interaction Hypothesis in the 1980s, highlighting the role of social interaction in language learning.
2. His research showed that when learners engage in conversation, they are more likely to notice gaps in their language abilities, prompting them to acquire new forms.
3. Long argued that input alone is insufficient for language acquisition; learners need opportunities to actively use the language in interactive contexts.
4. He also explored the implications of his theories for classroom practices, suggesting that teachers should create environments that promote authentic communication.
5. Long's work has been foundational in shaping modern SLA theories and has influenced various teaching methodologies around the world.

Review Questions

• How does Michael Long's Interaction Hypothesis explain the role of conversation in second language acquisition?
  • Michael Long's Interaction Hypothesis emphasizes that conversation plays a vital role in second language acquisition by providing learners with opportunities to negotiate meaning. Through interactive exchanges, learners can clarify misunderstandings and receive feedback, which helps them notice gaps in their knowledge. This process not only makes language input comprehensible but also facilitates the internalization of new linguistic forms.
• What are some classroom strategies that can be derived from Michael Long's research on SLA, particularly related to the Interaction Hypothesis?
  • Classroom strategies derived from Michael Long's research include promoting pair and group work where students engage in meaningful conversations. Teachers can design activities that require negotiation of meaning, such as role-plays or problem-solving tasks. Additionally, fostering a supportive environment where students feel comfortable making mistakes can enhance their willingness to participate in interactions, leading to better language acquisition.
• Evaluate the impact of Michael Long's contributions to second language acquisition theory on contemporary language teaching practices.
  • Michael Long's contributions have had a profound impact on contemporary language teaching practices by shifting the focus from traditional grammar-based instruction to more communicative and interactive approaches. His emphasis on the importance of social interaction has encouraged educators to integrate more authentic communication activities into their curricula. This has led to increased learner engagement and motivation, as students now often participate in real-world conversational contexts that better prepare them for actual language use outside the classroom.

Related terms

Interaction Hypothesis: A theory suggesting that language learning occurs through social interaction, where learners engage in communicative exchanges that enhance their linguistic skills.

Negotiation of Meaning: The process during communication where speakers adjust their language to clarify misunderstandings, helping learners acquire new vocabulary and structures.

Communicative Language Teaching: An approach to language teaching that emphasizes interaction as the primary means of language learning, focusing on real-life communication and practical usage.