Marasmus

Definition

Marasmus is a severe form of malnutrition characterized by extreme energy deficiency, leading to significant weight loss and muscle wasting. It typically occurs in infants and young children who do not receive enough calories and protein, which are crucial for growth and development. This condition can result in various health complications and is often linked to inadequate dietary intake, poverty, and infectious diseases.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Marasmus typically presents with symptoms such as emaciation, weakness, and a significant decrease in fat and muscle mass due to prolonged inadequate calorie intake.
2. Children with marasmus may appear gaunt, have dry skin, and exhibit a hollowed look in their cheeks and eyes, indicating severe malnutrition.
3. It is more common in developing countries where food scarcity is prevalent, but it can also occur in affluent areas due to poor dietary choices or eating disorders.
4. Treatment involves gradually reintroducing calories and proteins into the diet to promote recovery while addressing any underlying health issues.
5. If left untreated, marasmus can lead to serious complications, including immune system dysfunction, growth retardation, and even death due to infections or organ failure.

Review Questions

• How does marasmus differ from kwashiorkor in terms of symptoms and causes?
  • Marasmus is primarily caused by an overall lack of calories and nutrients, leading to severe weight loss and muscle wasting. In contrast, kwashiorkor arises from inadequate protein intake despite adequate calorie consumption, resulting in symptoms such as edema and abdominal swelling. While both conditions are forms of malnutrition, their underlying causes and clinical presentations are distinct.
• Discuss the role of socioeconomic factors in the prevalence of marasmus among children.
  • Socioeconomic factors play a crucial role in the prevalence of marasmus, particularly in developing countries where poverty limits access to adequate nutrition. Families with low income may struggle to afford nutritious food, leading to energy deficiencies in children. Additionally, lack of education about proper nutrition can exacerbate this issue, resulting in a higher incidence of marasmus in vulnerable populations.
• Evaluate the long-term consequences of marasmus on physical development and cognitive function in children.
  • The long-term consequences of marasmus can be severe and lasting. Children who experience this condition often face stunted physical growth due to insufficient nutrient intake during critical development periods. Furthermore, cognitive function may also be impaired, leading to learning difficulties and reduced academic performance. The combination of physical and cognitive deficits can have profound effects on a child's overall quality of life and future opportunities.

Related terms

Kwashiorkor: A form of malnutrition resulting from inadequate protein intake despite a sufficient calorie intake, often leading to edema and other health issues.

Malnutrition:

A condition that occurs when the body does not get enough nutrients, including proteins, vitamins, and minerals, which can lead to various health problems.

Anorexia: An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, leading to restricted food intake and extreme weight loss.