Mahayana

Definition

Mahayana is one of the major branches of Buddhism that emerged around the 1st century CE, characterized by its emphasis on the bodhisattva ideal and the notion of universal salvation. This tradition expanded upon earlier Buddhist teachings, offering a more inclusive approach that encouraged the pursuit of enlightenment not just for oneself but for all sentient beings. Mahayana emphasizes compassion and wisdom, seeking to make enlightenment accessible to everyone rather than a select few.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mahayana translates to 'Great Vehicle,' symbolizing its expansive approach to Buddhist practice compared to earlier schools.
2. The Mahayana tradition includes various sub-schools, such as Zen and Pure Land, each with unique practices and teachings.
3. Mahayana places a strong emphasis on compassion (karuna) and altruism, encouraging followers to work towards the enlightenment of all beings.
4. One key aspect of Mahayana philosophy is 'emptiness' (śūnyatā), which teaches that all phenomena are interdependent and lack intrinsic existence.
5. Mahayana teachings often advocate for the practice of meditation as a means to develop wisdom and compassion, making it a central component of its path.

Review Questions

• How does Mahayana Buddhism differ from earlier Buddhist schools in its approach to enlightenment and the role of the bodhisattva?
  • Mahayana Buddhism differs significantly from earlier schools like Theravada by emphasizing the bodhisattva ideal, where enlightened beings choose to postpone their own nirvana to aid others in achieving enlightenment. While earlier traditions often focused on individual liberation, Mahayana promotes a collective approach, encouraging practitioners to cultivate compassion and work towards universal salvation. This inclusive perspective expands the path to enlightenment beyond just monks or ascetics, inviting laypeople into the journey.
• What are some key sutras introduced by Mahayana Buddhism, and how do they contribute to its teachings?
  • Mahayana Buddhism introduced several important sutras, such as the Lotus Sutra and the Heart Sutra, which elaborate on its core concepts like emptiness and the nature of reality. These texts serve to clarify and expand upon earlier teachings while introducing new ideas central to Mahayana thought. They also highlight the importance of compassion and the bodhisattva path, illustrating how practitioners can embody these ideals in their lives.
• Evaluate the impact of Mahayana Buddhism on contemporary practices within various Buddhist traditions around the world.
  • Mahayana Buddhism has profoundly influenced contemporary practices across various Buddhist traditions globally by promoting a more inclusive and compassionate approach. Its focus on community engagement and social responsibility resonates with modern values, making it appealing in diverse cultural contexts. Additionally, elements like meditation practices and ritual observances originating from Mahayana have been integrated into other Buddhist schools and adapted within secular mindfulness movements, showcasing its lasting impact on both traditional and modern spiritual practices.

Related terms

Bodhisattva: A bodhisattva is an enlightened being who, motivated by compassion, chooses to delay their own enlightenment in order to help others achieve it.

Sutras: Sutras are sacred texts in Buddhism that record the teachings of the Buddha; Mahayana Buddhism introduced new sutras that elaborate on its distinct doctrines.

Nirvana: Nirvana is the ultimate goal in Buddhism, representing the liberation from the cycle of birth and death (samsara) and the cessation of suffering.