Digambara

Definition

Digambara is one of the two main sects of Jainism, characterized by its belief that ascetic monks should be completely naked to symbolize their renunciation of material possessions and societal norms. This sect emphasizes the importance of extreme asceticism and spiritual discipline in achieving liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Digambaras believe that women must be reborn as men to attain liberation, reflecting their stringent views on gender roles and spiritual attainment.
2. The sect’s name translates to 'sky-clad,' signifying the ideal state of a monk who renounces all clothing as part of their ascetic practice.
3. Digambaras have distinct scriptures and teachings that differentiate them from Svetambaras, leading to varied interpretations of Jain texts.
4. The sect places a strong emphasis on the role of meditation and fasting as vital practices for achieving spiritual purity and progress.
5. Prominent figures in Digambara history include Acharya Kundakunda and Umaswati, whose teachings have significantly shaped the beliefs and practices of this sect.

Review Questions

• Compare and contrast the beliefs of Digambaras and Svetambaras in terms of ascetic practices and views on liberation.
  • Digambaras and Svetambaras represent two distinct sects within Jainism, differing primarily in their views on ascetic practices. Digambaras advocate for complete nudity among monks to symbolize total renunciation of material possessions, while Svetambaras believe that monks can wear simple white garments. Additionally, Digambaras hold the belief that women must reincarnate as men to achieve liberation, a view not shared by Svetambaras, who argue that women can attain liberation directly.
• Discuss the significance of asceticism in the Digambara tradition and how it shapes their religious practices.
  • Asceticism is central to the Digambara tradition, as it is believed that extreme self-denial leads to spiritual purity and liberation from the cycle of birth and death. The practice involves rigorous meditation, fasting, and complete detachment from worldly possessions. This emphasis on ascetic discipline shapes various religious practices within the community, influencing how Digambara monks live their lives in stark contrast to laypersons and highlighting their commitment to achieving a higher spiritual state.
• Evaluate how Digambara beliefs regarding gender and liberation reflect broader themes within Jain philosophy.
  • The Digambara beliefs about gender—specifically that women must be reborn as men to achieve liberation—highlight complex themes within Jain philosophy regarding the nature of spirituality and equality. This perspective reflects traditional views on gender roles within Indian society at large, raising questions about inclusivity in religious contexts. The emphasis on extreme ascetic practices for both genders complicates this issue further, as it suggests that spiritual progress requires significant personal sacrifice irrespective of gender. Thus, evaluating these beliefs provides insight into how cultural norms shape religious thought while also revealing tensions between historical doctrine and contemporary interpretations of equality in spirituality.

Related terms

Svetambara: The other main sect of Jainism, which differs from Digambara in its beliefs regarding ascetic practices and the attire of monks, who wear simple white garments.

Tirthankara: A revered teacher in Jainism who has achieved liberation and is believed to guide others on the path to spiritual enlightenment; both sects recognize 24 Tirthankaras.

Ahimsa: The principle of non-violence that is central to Jain philosophy, emphasizing the need to avoid harm to all living beings in thoughts, words, and actions.