Second trimester

Definition

The second trimester is the middle phase of pregnancy, spanning from weeks 13 to 26. During this period, significant fetal growth and development occur, and many physiological changes take place in the pregnant person’s body, often leading to a reduction in early pregnancy symptoms such as nausea. The second trimester is also a crucial time for the developing fetus as organs continue to mature and systems become more complex.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. During the second trimester, the fetus undergoes rapid growth, typically increasing in size from about 3 inches at the start to around 14 inches by the end.
2. This trimester is often marked by a decrease in symptoms such as morning sickness and fatigue, as the body adjusts to hormonal changes.
3. Major organs, including the heart, lungs, and brain, continue to develop significantly during this time, setting the stage for further maturation in the third trimester.
4. By the end of the second trimester, many expectant parents can find out their baby's sex through ultrasound imaging.
5. The mother may begin to feel fetal movements, often referred to as 'quickening', which usually occurs between weeks 18 and 25.

Review Questions

• How does fetal development progress during the second trimester compared to the first?
  • Fetal development during the second trimester is characterized by significant growth and maturation of bodily systems compared to the first trimester. In the first trimester, the foundations of major organs are established, but it is in the second trimester that these organs continue to develop and function becomes more coordinated. By the end of this trimester, fetal size increases significantly and many bodily systems are functioning more effectively.
• What physiological changes occur in a pregnant person's body during the second trimester?
  • During the second trimester, many pregnant individuals experience physiological changes including an increase in energy levels as symptoms like nausea and fatigue often decrease. The body also undergoes physical changes such as a growing belly due to the expanding uterus, changes in skin pigmentation, and possible swelling in extremities. Hormonal adjustments during this period contribute to these changes, creating a different experience from the first trimester.
• Evaluate the significance of prenatal care during the second trimester and its impact on fetal health.
  • Prenatal care during the second trimester is vital for monitoring fetal health and development. Regular check-ups allow healthcare providers to track growth through ultrasounds, assess nutritional needs, and identify any potential complications early on. This proactive approach not only supports optimal fetal development but also addresses any concerns regarding maternal health. By ensuring proper prenatal care during this crucial stage, both maternal and fetal well-being are significantly enhanced.

Related terms

Fetal Development: The process by which a fertilized egg develops into a fully formed fetus, involving cellular differentiation and growth.

Trimester: A division of pregnancy into three distinct phases, each lasting about three months, with specific developmental milestones.

Placenta: An organ that develops during pregnancy, providing nutrients and oxygen to the fetus while removing waste products from the fetal blood.