Krashen's Input Hypothesis

Definition

Krashen's Input Hypothesis proposes that language acquisition occurs when learners are exposed to language input that is slightly beyond their current proficiency level, often referred to as 'i+1'. This theory emphasizes the importance of comprehensible input in the learning process, suggesting that social and cultural factors significantly influence how and when this input is received, ultimately impacting a learner's ability to acquire a new language effectively.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Input Hypothesis highlights the need for exposure to language that is just beyond the learner's current level for effective acquisition.
2. Social interactions, such as conversations with fluent speakers, enhance the chances of receiving comprehensible input.
3. Cultural context can determine what types of language input are available and relevant, impacting the effectiveness of language acquisition.
4. The theory posits that simply being exposed to language is not enough; it must be engaging and meaningful to promote learning.
5. A learner's motivation and emotional state can affect their ability to process and utilize comprehensible input, as explained by the Affective Filter Hypothesis.

Review Questions

• How does Krashen's Input Hypothesis explain the relationship between comprehensible input and effective language acquisition?
  • Krashen's Input Hypothesis suggests that effective language acquisition occurs when learners are exposed to comprehensible input that is just slightly above their current proficiency level, termed 'i+1'. This means that in order to acquire a new language successfully, learners must engage with language that challenges them but is still understandable. The hypothesis emphasizes that meaningful interactions with this input are essential for developing language skills.
• Discuss how social and cultural influences can shape the availability and type of input a learner receives according to Krashen's theory.
  • Social and cultural influences play a critical role in shaping the type of input a learner receives. For instance, cultural contexts dictate which languages or dialects are present in an environment, affecting what learners are exposed to. Additionally, social interactions with fluent speakers can provide valuable comprehensible input; without these interactions, learners might miss out on opportunities for effective language acquisition. Therefore, understanding the cultural background can enhance or limit a learner's exposure to necessary input.
• Evaluate how Krashen's Input Hypothesis aligns with current educational practices in teaching languages, particularly regarding the integration of social and cultural contexts.
  • Krashen's Input Hypothesis aligns well with modern educational practices that emphasize communicative language teaching and immersion experiences. Educators today recognize that integrating social and cultural contexts into language instruction can lead to more engaging and effective learning environments. By creating opportunities for authentic interactions with native speakers or culturally relevant content, teachers can enhance comprehensible input. Evaluating these practices shows a shift towards more holistic approaches in language education that support Krashen’s theories on input.

Related terms

Comprehensible Input: Language input that can be understood by the learner, providing enough context and clarity to facilitate understanding and learning.

Affective Filter Hypothesis: A theory that suggests emotional factors, such as anxiety or motivation, can influence a learner's ability to absorb language input.

Language Acquisition vs. Language Learning: Language acquisition refers to the subconscious process of acquiring language skills naturally, while language learning involves the conscious study of rules and grammar.