The Cartesian product is a fundamental operation in relational algebra that combines two relations to create a new relation. This new relation consists of all possible pairs of tuples from the original relations, where the first element of each pair comes from the first relation and the second element comes from the second relation. Understanding the Cartesian product is essential for grasping more complex operations in relational algebra and calculus, as it serves as the foundation for joins and other operations that manipulate data in databases.
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