The polar coordinate system is a two-dimensional coordinate system where each point is determined by a distance from a reference point and an angle from a reference direction. This system contrasts with the Cartesian coordinate system, which uses horizontal and vertical coordinates to specify locations. In the polar system, points are represented as $(r, \theta)$, where $r$ is the radial distance from the origin and $\theta$ is the angular coordinate, typically measured in radians or degrees.
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