Shikhara

Definition

Shikhara refers to the rising tower or spire commonly found in Hindu temple architecture, particularly in the Nagara style. It symbolizes the mythical Mount Meru, the center of the universe in Hindu cosmology, and serves both an aesthetic and spiritual function, as it draws the eye upward, connecting the earthly realm with the divine. Shikharas are characterized by their ornate carvings and distinctive shapes that can vary significantly between different regions and styles.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The term 'shikhara' is derived from the Sanskrit word for 'peak' or 'summit', reflecting its symbolic representation of elevation toward the divine.
2. In Nagara-style temples, shikharas typically have a curvilinear profile that rises gracefully, often adorned with sculptures depicting deities, floral motifs, and other elements of Hindu mythology.
3. Shikharas serve not only as architectural features but also as focal points during rituals and festivals, making them integral to temple worship and community gatherings.
4. Different regions have distinct styles of shikhara; for instance, North Indian temples usually feature tall, slender shikharas while South Indian temples emphasize broader vimanas.
5. The design and height of a shikhara can indicate the importance of the temple; larger and more intricately designed shikharas often signify more significant pilgrimage sites.

Review Questions

• How does the shikhara relate to the overall architectural style of Nagara temples?
  • The shikhara is a defining feature of Nagara-style temples, serving as a vertical element that distinguishes this style from others like Dravida. Its beehive shape enhances the aesthetic appeal and symbolizes spiritual ascent towards the divine. The intricate carvings on the shikhara are emblematic of Nagara artistry and contribute significantly to the temple's overall visual narrative.
• Compare and contrast shikharas with vimanas found in Dravida-style temples.
  • While both shikharas and vimanas serve as towers above sanctums in Hindu temple architecture, they differ in shape and regional characteristics. Shikharas typically have a curvilinear profile, while vimanas are more pyramid-like in structure. Additionally, shikharas are more commonly found in Northern Indian temples (Nagara), whereas vimanas dominate the Southern Indian temples (Dravida). This difference reflects regional variations in aesthetics and religious practices.
• Evaluate the significance of shikharas in representing cultural beliefs within Hinduism through temple architecture.
  • Shikharas hold profound significance in reflecting cultural beliefs within Hinduism, particularly through their representation of Mount Meru, which is seen as the axis mundi or cosmic axis. This architectural feature not only elevates the temple structure but also embodies spiritual aspirations toward divinity. The artistic detailing on shikharas reinforces mythological narratives, connecting devotees to their heritage and fostering a deeper understanding of religious cosmology through physical space.

Related terms

Nagara: A style of Hindu temple architecture that originated in Northern India, known for its beehive-shaped shikharas and elaborate decoration.

Dravida: A style of Hindu temple architecture found in Southern India, characterized by pyramid-shaped towers called vimanas and intricate stone sculptures.

Mandapa: An open pillared hall or pavilion in a Hindu temple, often leading to the sanctum sanctorum, which enhances the overall temple structure and space for worship.