Golden Mean

Definition

The golden mean is a central concept in Aristotle's ethical philosophy, representing the desirable middle ground between two extremes of excess and deficiency in behavior and emotions. This idea emphasizes moderation and balance, suggesting that moral virtue lies in finding a harmonious state between opposing vices. By applying the golden mean, individuals can cultivate character and make ethical choices that promote a well-rounded life.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Aristotle argued that every virtue is the mean between two extremes, with courage being the mean between recklessness and cowardice.
2. The golden mean is not a strict average but varies from person to person, depending on individual circumstances and context.
3. Applying the golden mean helps to avoid both excess and deficiency, which Aristotle considered detrimental to moral character.
4. Understanding one's emotions and desires is crucial in identifying the golden mean for personal behavior and decision-making.
5. The concept of the golden mean extends beyond personal morality into areas like politics, education, and social relations, promoting balance in all aspects of life.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of the golden mean relate to Aristotle's understanding of moral virtues?
  • The golden mean is integral to Aristotle's concept of moral virtues, as he posits that each virtue exists as a balanced state between two vices: one of excess and one of deficiency. For instance, courage is the mean between recklessness and cowardice. By understanding this relationship, individuals can strive to cultivate virtues that enhance their moral character and guide their actions toward achieving ethical behavior.
• Discuss how Aristotle's theory of emotions connects with the application of the golden mean in decision-making.
  • Aristotle believed that emotions play a significant role in human behavior and ethical decision-making. The golden mean helps individuals navigate their emotional responses by advocating for moderation; for example, feeling anger in response to injustice can be virtuous if it is expressed appropriately rather than in excess or complete suppression. Thus, understanding emotions through the lens of the golden mean allows for balanced reactions that align with virtuous behavior.
• Evaluate how applying the golden mean can impact an individual's pursuit of eudaimonia in their life.
  • Applying the golden mean can profoundly impact an individual's pursuit of eudaimonia by guiding them toward balanced living. As Aristotle suggested, achieving eudaimonia involves making choices that reflect moderation and virtue across various aspects of life. By avoiding extremes—whether in actions, desires, or emotions—individuals can create a fulfilling life that aligns with their highest potential. This approach not only fosters personal well-being but also contributes positively to society by encouraging ethical interactions with others.

Related terms

Virtue Ethics: A branch of moral philosophy that focuses on the character of the moral agent rather than rules or consequences, highlighting the importance of developing virtuous traits.

Moral Virtues: Qualities or traits that are deemed to be morally good and are essential for leading a virtuous life, such as courage, temperance, and generosity.

Eudaimonia:

Often translated as 'flourishing' or 'well-being', eudaimonia is the ultimate goal of human life according to Aristotle, achieved through virtuous living and fulfilling one’s potential.