Enrico Fermi was an Italian physicist known for his pioneering contributions to nuclear physics, particularly in the development of the first nuclear reactor and advancements in neutron moderation and fission. His work laid the foundation for understanding how to achieve controlled nuclear reactions, which is crucial for both energy production and atomic weaponry. Fermi's research also includes significant insights into reactor control systems and achieving criticality, making him a central figure in the history of nuclear science.
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