Second style

Definition

The second style refers to a specific artistic approach in Roman wall painting that emerged around 100 BCE and continued until around 15 BCE. This style is characterized by the use of architectural illusions, creating an effect that makes walls appear to be opening up into other spaces or landscapes. It reflects a shift from the earlier first style, emphasizing depth and perspective, with themes often depicting nature, mythology, and everyday life.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The second style is notable for its realistic depictions of landscapes and architecture, giving viewers a sense of depth through the use of linear perspective.
2. It was particularly popular in elite Roman villas, where artists would create illusionistic views that transformed interior spaces.
3. Key features include painted architectural elements like columns and arches that blend seamlessly into the surrounding wall, enhancing the illusion of space.
4. Prominent examples of the second style can be found in sites such as the Villa of the Mysteries in Pompeii and the House of Augustus in Rome.
5. This style is seen as a reflection of Roman cultural values, showcasing their appreciation for nature, mythology, and the blending of indoor and outdoor environments.

Review Questions

• How does the second style demonstrate a departure from the first style in terms of artistic techniques and themes?
  • The second style marked a significant shift from the first style by focusing on creating an illusion of depth and perspective rather than flat decorative patterns. While the first style imitated marble panels for a more two-dimensional appearance, the second style incorporated painted architectural elements that opened walls up to vistas and landscapes. This change not only allowed for more dynamic compositions but also conveyed themes related to nature and mythology in a more immersive manner.
• Discuss the role of fresco techniques in the execution of second style paintings and how they contributed to its visual effects.
  • Fresco techniques were essential to the execution of second style paintings because they allowed artists to create vibrant, long-lasting works directly on wet plaster. This method ensured that colors were absorbed into the surface, creating depth and luminosity that enhanced the illusionistic effects characteristic of this style. As artists utilized fresco techniques, they could paint complex scenes that blended architectural elements with natural landscapes, reinforcing the immersive experience for viewers.
• Evaluate the cultural significance of the second style in relation to Roman society's values and interests during its period of popularity.
  • The cultural significance of the second style lies in its reflection of Roman society's values during its peak, showcasing a deep appreciation for art that evokes realism and connection with nature. The desire to incorporate landscape views into domestic spaces indicates a shift towards valuing aesthetic beauty and escapism within one's home. Additionally, this style's emphasis on mythological themes reveals how Romans sought to intertwine their daily lives with their cultural heritage, enhancing their connection to both their environment and their history.

Related terms

first style:

The first style, also known as the 'Incrustation style,' was an earlier Roman painting technique that imitated marble panels and emphasized flatness rather than depth.

third style: The third style followed the second style and is recognized for its more decorative approach, using intricate details and delicate linear motifs against flat backgrounds.

fresco:

Fresco is a technique of mural painting on freshly laid wet plaster, allowing the paint to become an integral part of the wall surface as it dries.