Hubble Space Telescope

Definition

The Hubble Space Telescope is a large, space-based observatory launched in 1990 that captures high-resolution images of astronomical objects in ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light. It has significantly enhanced our understanding of the universe through its advanced instruments and unique position above Earth's atmosphere, allowing it to avoid atmospheric distortion and light pollution.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hubble's orbit is approximately 547 kilometers (about 340 miles) above Earth, which allows it to capture clearer images than ground-based telescopes.
2. The telescope has made groundbreaking discoveries, such as determining the rate of expansion of the universe and identifying exoplanets.
3. Hubble's instruments include a wide field camera, a cosmic origins spectrograph, and a space telescope imaging spectrograph, enabling diverse scientific investigations.
4. Over its lifetime, Hubble has produced over 1.5 million observations and contributed to more than 15,000 scientific papers.
5. The telescope is named after astronomer Edwin Hubble, who played a key role in establishing that the universe is expanding.

Review Questions

• How does the positioning of the Hubble Space Telescope in orbit contribute to its effectiveness compared to ground-based telescopes?
  • The Hubble Space Telescope's position above Earth's atmosphere allows it to avoid atmospheric distortion and light pollution that can affect ground-based observations. This high-altitude location enables it to capture sharper images across a range of wavelengths without the interference caused by weather conditions or atmospheric turbulence. As a result, Hubble can provide clearer and more detailed data on astronomical objects.
• Discuss the impact of the Hubble Space Telescope on our understanding of cosmic phenomena and the structure of the universe.
  • The Hubble Space Telescope has revolutionized our understanding of cosmic phenomena by providing insights into the age, expansion rate, and evolution of the universe. Its observations have led to significant discoveries, such as the identification of dark energy and precise measurements of galaxy formation and distribution. This wealth of data has fundamentally altered our comprehension of the universe's structure and dynamics.
• Evaluate the technological advancements represented by the Hubble Space Telescope and how they have influenced future space observatories.
  • The Hubble Space Telescope embodies several technological advancements, including its sophisticated imaging systems and ability to capture data across multiple wavelengths. These innovations set new standards for precision in astronomical observations and inspired subsequent space observatories like the James Webb Space Telescope. Hubble's success demonstrated the importance of high-altitude observations and laid the groundwork for future missions aimed at exploring even deeper into space.

Related terms

Space Observatory: A facility or instrument designed for observing celestial objects from space, which eliminates atmospheric interference for clearer images.

Electromagnetic Spectrum: The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, which Hubble utilizes to observe different wavelengths to gather data about distant celestial phenomena.

Scientific Instrumentation: The tools and devices used for scientific measurements and observations, such as cameras and spectrographs onboard the Hubble Space Telescope.