Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
An incumbent is an individual currently holding a political office or position. In the context of elections, this term specifically refers to the person who is in office at the time of the election and may be running for re-election.
Related terms
Election: A process by which citizens or members of a political community select their representatives or decide on public policy issues through voting.
Challenger: A person who runs against the incumbent in an election, seeking to replace them and gain their position.
Electoral campaign: The organized effort by a candidate, such as an incumbent or challenger, to win support from voters leading up to an election