Colonialism

Definition

Colonialism refers to the practice of acquiring and maintaining control over foreign territories, often involving the settlement of colonizers and the exploitation of resources. This practice has deeply influenced African art and visual culture, as it disrupted indigenous societies, imposed foreign values, and led to a complex exchange of ideas and artistic traditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Colonialism in Africa began in earnest during the late 19th century with the Scramble for Africa, when European powers divided the continent among themselves.
2. Colonial powers often imposed their own artistic styles and themes on colonized regions, leading to a blending or appropriation of indigenous art forms.
3. Many traditional African art forms were devalued or dismissed by colonial authorities, leading to a loss of cultural heritage and artistic identity.
4. Colonialism prompted resistance movements that inspired new forms of artistic expression, reflecting the struggles for independence and cultural pride.
5. The impact of colonialism is still felt today in contemporary African art, as artists navigate the complexities of identity, heritage, and globalization.

Review Questions

• How did colonialism influence the development of African artistic traditions during and after the colonial period?
  • Colonialism significantly altered African artistic traditions by introducing European styles and methods while simultaneously undermining indigenous practices. Colonial powers often imposed their artistic values, which resulted in a blending of styles but also led to the suppression of traditional art forms. After colonial rule ended, many African artists sought to reclaim their cultural identity through their work, leading to a renaissance in traditional art forms mixed with modern influences.
• What are some ways that colonialism has contributed to the misrepresentation of African art in global contexts?
  • Colonialism has often resulted in a skewed representation of African art in global contexts by framing it through a Eurocentric lens. Colonial powers frequently viewed African art as primitive or inferior, which has persisted in stereotypes even today. This misrepresentation minimizes the complexity and diversity of African artistic traditions, leading to a lack of understanding about their cultural significance and context.
• Critically evaluate the role of cultural exchange during colonialism and its lasting impact on contemporary African art practices.
  • Cultural exchange during colonialism was marked by both forced assimilation and voluntary adaptation, creating a complicated legacy for contemporary African art practices. While this exchange allowed for new techniques and materials to be introduced, it also led to a dilution of traditional identities. Today, many artists actively engage with this legacy by incorporating both indigenous elements and global influences into their work, challenging viewers to reconsider notions of authenticity and originality in African art.

Related terms

Imperialism: A broader policy or ideology that extends a nation's power and influence through diplomacy or military force, often leading to colonial control.

Postcolonialism: A critical academic approach that examines the cultural, political, and social impacts of colonialism and the continuing legacies it leaves behind in formerly colonized countries.

Cultural Hegemony: The dominance of one culture over others, which can occur through the imposition of values, norms, and practices during colonial rule.