key term - Variable Interval

Definition

A variable interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement is an operant conditioning procedure where a reinforcer is delivered after an unpredictable, variable amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement. This creates an inconsistent and unpredictable pattern of reinforcement, which can lead to persistent and resilient behaviors.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Variable interval schedules of reinforcement are characterized by the delivery of a reinforcer after an unpredictable, variable amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement.
2. Behaviors reinforced on a variable interval schedule tend to be more persistent and resilient to extinction compared to behaviors reinforced on a fixed interval or fixed ratio schedule.
3. Variable interval schedules can create a high, steady rate of responding because the reinforcer can be delivered at any time, motivating the organism to continue the behavior.
4. The unpredictable nature of variable interval schedules can lead to frustration and increased emotional responses, which can further contribute to the persistence of the behavior.
5. Variable interval schedules are often used in real-world settings, such as in the delivery of reinforcements in slot machines or other games of chance, to maintain consistent and persistent gambling behaviors.

Review Questions

• Explain how a variable interval schedule of reinforcement differs from a fixed interval schedule, and describe the impact this difference has on the resulting behavior.
  • The key difference between a variable interval and fixed interval schedule of reinforcement is the predictability of the reinforcement delivery. In a fixed interval schedule, the reinforcer is delivered after a consistent, predictable amount of time has passed, whereas in a variable interval schedule, the reinforcer is delivered after an unpredictable, variable amount of time has passed. This unpredictability in the variable interval schedule leads to more persistent and resilient behaviors, as the organism is motivated to continue responding in order to receive the reinforcer at an unknown but potentially imminent time. The variable nature of the schedule creates an inconsistent and frustrating pattern of reinforcement, which can further contribute to the strength and persistence of the learned behavior.
• Analyze how the use of a variable interval schedule of reinforcement can contribute to the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors, such as gambling.
  • The variable interval schedule of reinforcement is particularly effective in maintaining addictive behaviors, such as gambling, because it creates an unpredictable and inconsistent pattern of reinforcement. The sporadic and unpredictable delivery of rewards (e.g., winning in a slot machine) keeps the individual motivated to continue engaging in the behavior, as they never know when the next reinforcement will occur. This unpredictability can lead to frustration and increased emotional responses, which can further contribute to the persistence of the addictive behavior. Additionally, the variable interval schedule can create a high, steady rate of responding, as the individual is constantly driven to continue the behavior in the hopes of receiving the next reinforcement. The combination of these factors makes variable interval schedules highly effective in the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors, as they can foster a strong, resilient, and persistent pattern of responding.
• Evaluate the potential benefits and drawbacks of using a variable interval schedule of reinforcement in the context of behavior modification programs, and recommend strategies for effectively implementing this reinforcement schedule.
  • The use of a variable interval schedule of reinforcement in behavior modification programs can have both benefits and drawbacks. On the positive side, variable interval schedules can lead to more persistent and resilient behaviors, as the unpredictable nature of the reinforcement delivery keeps the individual motivated to continue the desired behavior. This can be particularly useful in promoting long-term behavior change, as the behavior is less likely to extinguish over time. However, the inconsistent and frustrating pattern of reinforcement can also lead to increased emotional responses and potential side effects, such as anxiety or frustration. To effectively implement a variable interval schedule in a behavior modification program, it is important to carefully consider the specific goals and context of the intervention. Strategies may include gradually transitioning from a fixed to a variable schedule, providing clear instructions and expectations to the individual, and offering additional support and coping mechanisms to manage any negative emotional responses. Additionally, it is crucial to monitor the individual's progress and adjust the reinforcement schedule as needed to ensure the desired behavior change is sustained over time.

Related terms

Operant Conditioning:

The process of learning through the consequences of one's own behavior, where behaviors that are reinforced are more likely to be repeated, and behaviors that are punished are less likely to be repeated.

Reinforcement Schedule: The pattern and timing of delivering reinforcers in an operant conditioning procedure, which can impact the strength and persistence of the learned behavior.

Extinction:

The decrease in the frequency of a behavior when the reinforcement for that behavior is discontinued or becomes unpredictable.