Centrifuge

Definition

A centrifuge is a device that uses rotational motion to separate components of different densities within a mixture by applying centripetal force. It is commonly used in laboratories and industrial applications.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. A centrifuge operates based on the principles of centripetal force, which directs objects toward the center of rotation.
2. The separation process depends on differences in density; heavier particles move outward while lighter particles remain closer to the center.
3. In a centrifuge, the centripetal acceleration is given by $a_c = \omega^2 r$, where $\omega$ is the angular velocity and $r$ is the radius of rotation.
4. The effectiveness of a centrifuge can be increased by increasing its rotational speed or radius.
5. Centrifuges are used in various applications such as separating blood components, purifying cells, and clarifying liquids.

Review Questions

Related terms

Centripetal Force: The inward force required to keep an object moving in a circular path at constant speed.

Angular Velocity:

The rate at which an object rotates around a central point; it is measured in radians per second ($\text{rad/s}$).

Uniform Circular Motion:

The motion of an object traveling at constant speed along a circular path.