Centrifuge

Definition

A centrifuge is a device that uses rotational motion to separate components of different densities within a mixture by applying centripetal force. It is commonly used in laboratories and industrial applications.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. A centrifuge operates based on the principles of centripetal force, which directs objects toward the center of rotation.
2. The separation process depends on differences in density; heavier particles move outward while lighter particles remain closer to the center.
3. In a centrifuge, the centripetal acceleration is given by $a_c = \omega^2 r$, where $\omega$ is the angular velocity and $r$ is the radius of rotation.
4. The effectiveness of a centrifuge can be increased by increasing its rotational speed or radius.
5. Centrifuges are used in various applications such as separating blood components, purifying cells, and clarifying liquids.

Review Questions

• What physical principle does a centrifuge operate on?
• How does changing the rotational speed affect the separation process in a centrifuge?
• Calculate the centripetal acceleration for a particle at a 0.5m radius with an angular velocity of 10 rad/s.

Related terms

Centripetal Force: The inward force required to keep an object moving in a circular path at constant speed.

Angular Velocity: The rate at which an object rotates around a central point; it is measured in radians per second ($\text{rad/s}$).

Uniform Circular Motion: The motion of an object traveling at constant speed along a circular path.