Addition reaction
Definition
An addition reaction is a chemical reaction where atoms or groups are added to a double or triple bond in an organic molecule, resulting in the saturation of the bond. These reactions are typical in alkenes and alkynes.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- Addition reactions involve the breaking of $\pi$ (pi) bonds and formation of new $\sigma$ (sigma) bonds.
- They are classified into electrophilic, nucleophilic, and free-radical addition reactions based on the nature of the attacking species.
- Hydrogenation is an example where hydrogen is added to a carbon-carbon double bond.
- Markovnikov's rule often applies in addition reactions, predicting that hydrogen will add to the carbon with more hydrogen atoms already attached.
- Catalysts like palladium or platinum can be used to facilitate certain addition reactions like hydrogenation.
Review Questions
- What type of bonds are broken and formed during an addition reaction?
- Give an example of an addition reaction and explain its significance.
- How does Markovnikov's rule apply to addition reactions?
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Related terms
Electrophilic Addition: A type of addition reaction where an electron-rich double or triple bond reacts with an electron-deficient species.
Hydrogenation: An addition reaction where hydrogen atoms are added to a carbon-carbon multiple bond in the presence of a catalyst.
Markovnikov's Rule: A rule stating that during the addition of HX to an alkene, the hydrogen atom attaches itself to the carbon with more hydrogen substituents.
