Hydrogenation

Definition

Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the addition of hydrogen (H$_2$) to another compound, typically in the presence of a catalyst. It is commonly used to convert unsaturated fats to saturated fats and in the production of various chemicals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hydrogenation typically requires a catalyst such as nickel, palladium, or platinum.
2. The process is exothermic, releasing heat as hydrogen atoms add to the substrate.
3. In food chemistry, hydrogenation is used to solidify oils into semi-solid forms like margarine and shortening.
4. Partial hydrogenation can result in trans fats, which have been linked to negative health effects.
5. Hydrogenation is also crucial in the industrial production of ammonia via the Haber process.

Review Questions

• What are common catalysts used in hydrogenation reactions?
• How does partial hydrogenation differ from full hydrogenation in terms of its products?
• Why is hydrogenation important in the food industry?

Related terms

Catalyst: A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Saturated Fats: Fats that have no double bonds between carbon atoms because they are fully saturated with hydrogen atoms.

Haber Process: An industrial method for synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases using an iron catalyst at high temperature and pressure.