Conditional probability of A given B, denoted as $P(A|B)$, is the probability that event A occurs given that event B has already occurred. It quantifies the relationship between two events in a probabilistic context.
Joint Probability: The probability of two events occurring simultaneously, denoted as $P(A \cap B)$.
Marginal Probability: The probability of an event occurring irrespective of other events, denoted as $P(A)$ or $P(B)$.
Bayesian Inference: $A$ method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to update the probability for a hypothesis as more evidence or information becomes available.