Bivariate analysis involves the examination of two variables to determine the empirical relationship between them. It is commonly used in statistics to assess correlations and causal relationships.
Correlation Coefficient: A statistical measure ($r$) that describes the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.
Scatter Plot: A graphical representation of bivariate data using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data.
Linear Regression: A method for modeling the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables by fitting a linear equation to observed data.