Genes

Definition

Genes are segments of DNA that encode the instructions for building proteins, which are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of an organism's cells. They play a crucial role in heredity and biological diversity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Genes carry the information required for the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms.
2. In astrobiology, the study of genes helps scientists understand the potential for life on other planets by examining extremophiles and their genetic adaptations to harsh environments.
3. Genetic information is passed from parents to offspring through mechanisms such as DNA replication and mutations.
4. The study of genes can provide insights into how life might adapt to extraterrestrial environments with different radiation levels or chemical compositions.
5. Advances in genetic engineering could one day allow humans to modify their own genes to better survive in space or on other planets.

Review Questions

• What role do genes play in the development and reproduction of organisms?
• How can studying extremophiles' genes help us understand potential extraterrestrial life?
• Why might genetic engineering be important for future space exploration?

Related terms

DNA: The molecule that carries genetic instructions used in growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms.

Extremophiles:

Organisms that thrive in extreme environmental conditions where most life forms cannot survive.

Mutation: A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations within a species or the emergence of new traits.