Gamma-ray bursts

Definition

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are extremely energetic explosions observed in distant galaxies, emitting intense gamma radiation. They are the brightest electromagnetic events known to occur in the universe.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. GRBs are classified into two types: short-duration bursts lasting less than 2 seconds and long-duration bursts lasting more than 2 seconds.
2. Short-duration GRBs are thought to result from the merger of neutron stars, while long-duration GRBs are associated with the collapse of massive stars.
3. GRBs were first detected in the late 1960s by military satellites designed to monitor nuclear tests.
4. The afterglow of a GRB can be observed in other wavelengths such as X-ray, optical, and radio waves, providing valuable information about the burst's environment and progenitor.
5. Despite their brief duration, GRBs release more energy in a few seconds than our sun will emit over its entire lifetime.

Review Questions

• What are the two types of gamma-ray bursts and how do they differ?
• How were gamma-ray bursts first discovered?
• What phenomenon is associated with long-duration gamma-ray bursts?

Related terms

Supernova:

A powerful and luminous explosion that occurs during the last evolutionary stages of a massive star's life cycle.

Neutron Star Merger: The collision and subsequent merging of two neutron stars, often resulting in a short-duration gamma-ray burst.

Afterglow: The emission seen following a gamma-ray burst across various wavelengths, including X-rays, optical light, and radio waves.