Subsistence farming

Definition

Subsistence farming is a type of agriculture where farmers grow food primarily to feed themselves and their families, rather than for sale or trade. This practice is often characterized by small-scale cultivation of diverse crops and livestock, relying heavily on local resources and traditional farming methods. It plays a crucial role in rural livelihoods, as it provides basic sustenance and contributes to community resilience.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Subsistence farming often employs traditional farming techniques passed down through generations, utilizing local seeds and natural fertilizers.
2. Farmers involved in subsistence farming typically focus on a mix of crops and livestock to ensure a balanced diet for their families.
3. This form of farming is particularly prevalent in developing countries, where access to markets and resources is limited.
4. Subsistence farmers are highly vulnerable to environmental changes, such as climate change, which can threaten their food production and livelihoods.
5. Despite its challenges, subsistence farming fosters community ties and knowledge sharing among farmers, promoting resilience against economic pressures.

Review Questions

• How does subsistence farming contribute to rural livelihoods and community resilience?
  • Subsistence farming plays a vital role in rural livelihoods by providing food security for families and communities. By growing a variety of crops for personal consumption, farmers are less reliant on external markets, which can fluctuate due to economic conditions. This self-sufficiency fosters community resilience, as it enables families to withstand economic shocks and maintain their cultural practices and knowledge systems related to agriculture.
• In what ways can subsistence farming practices impact local ecosystems and sustainability efforts?
  • Subsistence farming practices can significantly impact local ecosystems through the use of traditional methods that prioritize biodiversity. By cultivating a mix of crops and utilizing natural fertilizers, these farmers can enhance soil health and promote sustainable land use. However, if not managed carefully, subsistence farming may also lead to land degradation or overexploitation of resources, emphasizing the need for agroecological practices that balance productivity with ecological integrity.
• Evaluate the challenges faced by subsistence farmers in the context of global economic changes and climate variability.
  • Subsistence farmers face numerous challenges stemming from global economic changes and climate variability. As markets evolve, these farmers often struggle to compete with industrialized agriculture that offers lower prices for food products. Additionally, climate change poses risks such as unpredictable weather patterns and extreme events that directly threaten crop yields. This situation creates a cycle of vulnerability where subsistence farmers must adapt to external pressures while striving to maintain their traditional practices and ensure food security for their households.

Related terms

Food Security:

The state when all people have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs for an active and healthy life.

Agroecology: A holistic approach to farming that considers ecological principles and sustainable practices to enhance agricultural productivity while preserving the environment.

Crop Diversification: The practice of growing a variety of crops in the same space or season to improve soil health, reduce pests and diseases, and enhance food security.