National Historic Preservation Act

Definition

The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) is a U.S. law enacted in 1966 that aims to preserve historical and archaeological sites of national significance. The act established a framework for protecting cultural heritage, which is crucial for Indigenous communities in maintaining their identity, traditions, and connection to the land. It encourages collaboration among federal agencies, state governments, and local communities in preserving sites that are vital for understanding the history and culture of Indigenous peoples.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The NHPA was created in response to growing concerns about urban development threatening historical and archaeological sites across the U.S.
2. It established the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, which provides guidance on preserving the nation's historical heritage.
3. Indigenous tribes can nominate sites significant to their culture and history to the National Register of Historic Places through the NHPA framework.
4. The act emphasizes the importance of public participation and consultation with Indigenous communities regarding the preservation of their cultural heritage.
5. Compliance with Section 106 of the NHPA is mandatory for all federal projects that may impact historic properties, ensuring Indigenous voices are considered in decision-making.

Review Questions

• How does the National Historic Preservation Act support Indigenous communities in preserving their cultural heritage?
  • The National Historic Preservation Act supports Indigenous communities by providing a legal framework for the identification and protection of sites significant to their history and culture. Through its provisions, especially Section 106, federal agencies must consider the impacts of their actions on these sites and consult with Indigenous tribes. This ensures that Indigenous perspectives are included in decisions about land use and cultural resource management.
• In what ways does the National Register of Historic Places relate to the preservation efforts outlined in the National Historic Preservation Act?
  • The National Register of Historic Places is a key component of the National Historic Preservation Act as it formally recognizes and lists sites that are historically significant. This listing provides not only recognition but also eligibility for preservation funding and protection under federal law. For Indigenous groups, being listed can help safeguard sacred sites and cultural landmarks from development or destruction.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of the National Historic Preservation Act in addressing contemporary issues faced by Indigenous communities regarding their sacred sites.
  • The effectiveness of the National Historic Preservation Act in addressing contemporary issues faced by Indigenous communities is mixed. While the NHPA provides important legal tools for protection and consultation, challenges remain in its implementation. Many Indigenous groups argue that federal agencies often fail to engage meaningfully or prioritize economic development over preservation. Thus, while the NHPA lays a foundation for collaboration, ongoing advocacy and reform are necessary to ensure that Indigenous rights are fully upheld in preserving sacred sites.

Related terms

National Register of Historic Places: A list maintained by the National Park Service that identifies historic properties worthy of preservation, including sites significant to Indigenous history.

Section 106 Review: A process mandated by the NHPA that requires federal agencies to assess the impact of their actions on historic properties and consult with affected parties, including Indigenous tribes.

Cultural Resource Management:

The practice of managing cultural resources, including archaeological sites and historic buildings, to ensure their preservation for future generations.