Machu Picchu

Definition

Machu Picchu is an ancient Incan city located high in the Andes Mountains of Peru, built in the 15th century under the reign of Emperor Pachacuti. This iconic archaeological site is renowned for its sophisticated dry-stone construction, impressive agricultural terraces, and stunning views, symbolizing the advanced engineering and architectural skills of the Inca civilization. It serves as a testament to the rich cultural heritage of the Andean civilizations and their connection to the landscape.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Machu Picchu was rediscovered by American historian Hiram Bingham in 1911, though it was never completely forgotten by locals.
2. The site is divided into two main areas: agricultural and urban, showcasing the Incas' advanced planning and societal structure.
3. Machu Picchu is often referred to as the 'Lost City of the Incas' due to its remote location and historical obscurity.
4. The construction of Machu Picchu demonstrates the Inca's remarkable engineering abilities, especially in how they adapted to the challenging mountain terrain.
5. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the most visited tourist attractions in South America, drawing thousands of visitors each year.

Review Questions

• How does Machu Picchu reflect the architectural and engineering skills of the Inca civilization?
  • Machu Picchu showcases the advanced architectural and engineering skills of the Inca civilization through its use of precise stone cutting and fitting, which allowed buildings to withstand earthquakes. The site features impressive structures such as temples, terraces, and agricultural areas that demonstrate careful planning and adaptation to the rugged Andean landscape. The construction techniques used at Machu Picchu highlight the Incas' understanding of their environment, emphasizing their ability to harmoniously integrate human-made structures with nature.
• Discuss the significance of Pachacuti in relation to Machu Picchu and its role within the Inca Empire.
  • Pachacuti played a crucial role in the establishment of Machu Picchu as he was responsible for expanding the Inca Empire and transforming it into a major political power. He commissioned the construction of Machu Picchu, using it as both a royal estate and a religious site. This reflects his vision for consolidating power and enhancing cultural identity among his subjects, making Machu Picchu an important symbol of Inca achievement during his reign.
• Evaluate how Machu Picchu contributes to our understanding of Incan society and its agricultural practices.
  • Machu Picchu provides valuable insights into Incan society through its sophisticated agricultural practices evident in its terracing system. The terraces not only maximized arable land but also showcased advanced irrigation techniques that were essential for sustaining crops in a challenging mountainous environment. By analyzing these features, we can infer that agriculture was central to Incan life, supporting their complex societal structure, economy, and food security. The site thus serves as a microcosm for understanding broader aspects of Incan culture, governance, and ingenuity.

Related terms

Inca Empire: A vast and powerful empire that flourished in the Andean region of South America from the early 15th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, known for its extensive road network and centralized government.

Pachacuti: The ninth ruler of the Inca Empire, credited with significant expansion and the establishment of Machu Picchu as a royal estate and religious site.

Terracing: An agricultural technique used by the Incas involving creating stepped levels on mountainous terrain to optimize farming and water management.