Ramanuja

Definition

Ramanuja was a prominent philosopher and theologian in the Vedanta school of Indian philosophy, known for his interpretation of the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita, advocating for a non-dualistic view that emphasizes devotion to God. His teachings significantly influenced later Indian philosophy and culture, particularly through the development of the Vishishtadvaita (qualified non-dualism) school, which highlights the relationship between the individual soul and the Supreme Being.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ramanuja lived during the 11th century CE and is often considered one of the most important figures in Hindu philosophy.
2. He wrote several influential texts, including the 'Sri Bhashya', which is a commentary on the Brahma Sutras from a Vishishtadvaita perspective.
3. His interpretation of the Bhagavad Gita emphasizes the importance of bhakti (devotion) as a means to attain liberation.
4. Ramanuja's ideas provided a counter-narrative to the Advaita philosophy, arguing for a personal relationship with God rather than absolute identity with Brahman.
5. He established a tradition of temple worship and rituals that reinforced community and devotion in his followers.

Review Questions

• How did Ramanuja's interpretation of the Bhagavad Gita influence later philosophical thought in India?
  • Ramanuja's interpretation of the Bhagavad Gita emphasized devotion to a personal god and the importance of bhakti as a pathway to spiritual liberation. This perspective shifted focus from abstract metaphysical concepts toward practical devotion, making spirituality more accessible to the masses. His views laid the groundwork for later devotional movements and shaped Indian philosophy by integrating personal worship into its core.
• Discuss how Ramanuja's Vishishtadvaita differs from Advaita Vedanta in its understanding of reality and God.
  • Ramanuja's Vishishtadvaita posits that while individual souls are distinct from God, they are also part of a greater whole, maintaining an inseparable connection with the Supreme Being. In contrast, Advaita Vedanta claims that there is no real distinction between individual souls and Brahman, suggesting an absolute oneness. This difference highlights how Ramanuja's philosophy encourages devotion and worship, while Advaita leans towards an impersonal view of ultimate reality.
• Evaluate the impact of Ramanuja's teachings on contemporary Hindu practices and beliefs.
  • Ramanuja's teachings have had a profound impact on contemporary Hindu practices by promoting devotion (bhakti) as central to religious life. His emphasis on personal relationships with deities has led to vibrant temple cultures and rituals that foster community engagement. This shift toward bhakti has also influenced various modern movements within Hinduism, encouraging inclusivity and accessibility in spiritual practice, making it more relevant to everyday lives of devotees today.

Related terms

Vishishtadvaita: A philosophical school of Vedanta founded by Ramanuja, which posits that while the individual soul and God are distinct, they are also inseparably united.

Bhakti: A devotional movement in Hinduism that emphasizes love and devotion to a personal god, which is central to Ramanuja's teachings.

Advaita: A non-dualistic school of Vedanta, primarily associated with Adi Shankaracharya, which argues that there is no distinction between the individual soul and the ultimate reality (Brahman).