Conversion therapy

Definition

Conversion therapy refers to a range of practices aimed at changing an individual's sexual orientation from homosexual or bisexual to heterosexual. This controversial approach is often based on the belief that non-heterosexual orientations are abnormal or undesirable, and it can include psychological, physical, and spiritual methods. The legal status of conversion therapy varies widely around the world, with many jurisdictions beginning to enact laws against its use due to ethical concerns and evidence of harm.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Many health organizations, including the American Psychological Association and the World Health Organization, have condemned conversion therapy as ineffective and harmful.
2. Conversion therapy practices can include aversive conditioning, counseling, and prayer, but they have been widely criticized for their potential to cause psychological harm.
3. Some countries and U.S. states have banned conversion therapy for minors, recognizing the need to protect vulnerable individuals from harmful practices.
4. Research has shown that attempts to change sexual orientation can lead to increased rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among those subjected to these practices.
5. Legal battles over conversion therapy often involve debates around parental rights, religious freedom, and the protection of LGBTQ+ individuals.

Review Questions

• What are the primary methods used in conversion therapy, and how do they relate to contemporary understanding of sexual orientation?
  • Conversion therapy employs various methods such as aversive conditioning, counseling, and sometimes religious intervention in an attempt to change an individual’s sexual orientation. However, contemporary understanding recognizes that sexual orientation is not a choice and cannot be changed through these methods. Mental health professionals emphasize acceptance rather than alteration of one's sexual identity as crucial for well-being.
• Discuss the legal implications surrounding conversion therapy and how various regions are addressing its practice.
  • The legal implications of conversion therapy vary significantly across different regions. In many places, laws have been enacted that specifically prohibit conversion therapy for minors, reflecting growing recognition of the potential harm it causes. Conversely, some areas still allow these practices under the guise of religious or parental rights. Legal challenges continue as advocates push for broader bans to protect LGBTQ+ individuals from such harmful interventions.
• Evaluate the impact of conversion therapy on mental health outcomes for LGBTQ+ individuals and the broader societal context regarding human rights.
  • The impact of conversion therapy on mental health outcomes for LGBTQ+ individuals has been shown to be detrimental, contributing to increased levels of depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts. In a broader societal context, the practice raises significant human rights concerns as it reflects systemic discrimination against non-heterosexual orientations. Advocates argue that protecting individuals from conversion therapy is essential not only for mental health but also for affirming the dignity and rights of all persons regardless of their sexual orientation.

Related terms

Sexual orientation: An individual's emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to people of the same or different genders.

Psychotherapy: A treatment method involving psychological techniques and conversations to help individuals address emotional and psychological issues.

Human rights: The basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person, which include the right to live free from discrimination based on sexual orientation.