Grounds

Definition

In argumentation, 'grounds' refers to the evidence and reasoning that support a claim or assertion. It serves as the foundation for an argument, providing the necessary justification that links the claim to its supporting data. Strong grounds are critical because they enhance the credibility of the argument and help persuade the audience by showing logical connections between claims and evidence.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Grounds can include statistics, facts, examples, and expert opinions that establish credibility and relevance to the argument.
2. In the Toulmin model, grounds are one of the six key components that help structure a logical argument.
3. The strength of an argument is heavily dependent on the quality of its grounds; weak or irrelevant grounds can undermine even the strongest claims.
4. Grounds must be relevant to the claim being made; if they do not directly relate, they fail to provide adequate support.
5. Effective use of grounds often involves addressing counterarguments by presenting evidence that anticipates and refutes opposing views.

Review Questions

• How do grounds function within the Toulmin model of argumentation to strengthen an argument?
  • In the Toulmin model, grounds function as critical support for a claim by providing evidence and reasoning that justify why the claim should be accepted. They serve as a foundational element that connects claims to their supporting data, ensuring that arguments are not just assertions but backed by credible information. By effectively utilizing strong grounds, an arguer can significantly enhance their persuasiveness and demonstrate logical coherence.
• Evaluate how the quality of grounds affects an argument's overall effectiveness and credibility.
  • The quality of grounds directly impacts an argument's effectiveness and credibility. Strong, relevant, and well-supported grounds bolster a claim, making it more convincing to the audience. Conversely, weak or unrelated grounds can lead to skepticism about the claim's validity. An argument with solid grounds is more likely to persuade audiences, as it demonstrates careful consideration of evidence and logic.
• Synthesize how grounds interact with other components of the Toulmin model to form a cohesive argument.
  • Grounds interact with other components of the Toulmin model—such as claims, warrants, qualifiers, rebuttals, and backing—to create a cohesive argument. Grounds provide the essential evidence needed to support a claim. The warrant connects these grounds to the claim, explaining why the evidence matters. Together, these elements establish a logical flow that helps audiences understand and accept the argument. By synthesizing these components effectively, an arguer can craft a compelling case that resonates with listeners.

Related terms

claim: A statement or assertion that expresses a point of view or belief which requires support through evidence.

warrant: The logical connection between the grounds and the claim, explaining why the evidence supports the claim.

backing: Additional support for the warrant, providing further justification for why the grounds can be trusted.