Pygmalion

Definition

Pygmalion is a term that originates from a Greek myth about a sculptor who falls in love with a statue he carved, which then comes to life. This concept has been adapted in various artistic expressions, notably in theatre, where it often explores themes of transformation, identity, and social class. It is particularly significant in the context of early realism and the social problem play, reflecting the changing societal norms and human relationships during the transition to realism in theatre.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The term Pygmalion is most famously associated with George Bernard Shaw's play 'Pygmalion,' where Professor Henry Higgins transforms Eliza Doolittle from a flower girl into a refined lady.
2. Shaw's 'Pygmalion' critiques social class distinctions and the idea of identity being tied to language and behavior rather than inherent worth.
3. The play's themes align with early realist playwrights' focus on presenting everyday life and social issues rather than romanticized or idealized versions of reality.
4. The concept of Pygmalion also raises questions about manipulation and autonomy, particularly concerning Eliza's transformation and her subsequent struggle for independence.
5. 'Pygmalion' inspired the popular musical adaptation 'My Fair Lady,' which further cemented its cultural relevance and exploration of similar themes.

Review Questions

• How does the theme of transformation in 'Pygmalion' reflect societal views on identity during the transition to realism?
  • 'Pygmalion' illustrates transformation through Eliza Doolittle's journey from a lower social status to a perceived higher one. This reflects societal views that equate identity with language and manners. The play critiques this notion by showing that external changes do not necessarily alter a person's inner self or worth, highlighting the tension between societal expectations and personal identity.
• In what ways does Shaw's 'Pygmalion' challenge the traditional notions of social class, and how does this connect to early realism?
  • 'Pygmalion' challenges traditional social class structures by demonstrating that language and appearance can artificially elevate one's status. Shaw uses Eliza's transformation to critique how society judges individuals based on superficial traits rather than their inherent qualities. This aligns with early realism's goal of portraying authentic human experiences and questioning established societal norms.
• Evaluate the implications of Eliza Doolittle's character development in 'Pygmalion' on contemporary discussions around gender and autonomy.
  • Eliza Doolittle’s character development raises important questions about gender roles and autonomy within the context of 'Pygmalion.' Initially seen as a passive character transformed by Higgins, Eliza ultimately asserts her independence, challenging the notion that one's identity is defined by others. This shift invites contemporary discussions about empowerment, self-identity, and the impact of societal expectations on individual autonomy, emphasizing that true transformation must come from within.

Related terms

Transformation: A key theme in literature and drama that explores significant change in characters or society, often reflecting deeper societal issues.

Social Class: A hierarchical structure in society that influences individuals' roles, behaviors, and opportunities, often critiqued in realistic plays.

Characterization: The method by which playwrights and authors develop characters, making them believable and relatable to the audience.