Imperialism

Definition

Imperialism is a policy or ideology where a country extends its power and influence over other nations or territories, often through military force, colonization, or economic dominance. This concept is closely linked to the competition among European powers during the 19th and early 20th centuries, as they sought to expand their empires and access new resources. As a result, imperialism significantly shaped global politics, economies, and cultures, influencing how cartographic illustrations represented these new territories and the relationships between the colonizers and the colonized.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Imperialism often involved not just military conquest but also economic exploitation, as imperial powers sought new markets for their goods and sources of raw materials.
2. Cartographic illustrations became essential tools for imperial powers, providing visual representations of their conquests and territories, which helped legitimize their claims and assert dominance.
3. The ideology of 'the civilizing mission' was used by imperialists to justify their actions, suggesting they were bringing progress and enlightenment to 'backward' societies.
4. Imperialism led to significant cultural exchanges, but it also resulted in the suppression of local customs and traditions, causing long-lasting effects on indigenous populations.
5. The impact of imperialism is still felt today, as many formerly colonized nations continue to grapple with the legacies of economic disparity and cultural disruption.

Review Questions

• How did imperialism influence cartographic illustration techniques during the 19th century?
  • Imperialism greatly impacted cartographic illustration techniques as maps became tools of power. They were used to showcase territorial claims and military conquests, often portraying newly acquired lands in an exaggerated manner to emphasize control. These maps not only served practical navigation purposes but also played a crucial role in shaping public perception about empire expansion and legitimizing the actions of imperial powers.
• What role did the concept of 'the civilizing mission' play in justifying imperialist actions, and how was this reflected in cartographic representations?
  • The 'civilizing mission' was central to the justification of imperialist actions, presenting colonial endeavors as beneficial for the colonized societies. Cartographic representations often depicted indigenous populations as uncivilized or in need of guidance, reinforcing stereotypes. Maps illustrated not only territorial acquisition but also promoted narratives that portrayed imperial powers as benevolent forces bringing civilization, which was used to rationalize exploitation.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of imperialism on contemporary global relations and cultural identities in formerly colonized nations.
  • The long-term effects of imperialism are profound and continue to shape global relations today. Formerly colonized nations often face economic challenges rooted in exploitative practices established during imperial rule. Additionally, cultural identities have been significantly altered or suppressed, leading to ongoing struggles for self-determination and cultural revival. The legacy of imperialism fosters tensions between nations as they navigate issues related to historical injustices and seek equitable relationships in a globalized world.

Related terms

Colonialism: A practice where a country establishes control over a foreign territory, often involving the settlement of its population and exploitation of resources.

Decolonization: The process through which colonies gain independence from colonial powers, often resulting in significant political and social changes.

Scramble for Africa: A period during the late 19th century when European powers rapidly divided and claimed territories in Africa, leading to significant geopolitical changes.