Songun

Definition

Songun, or 'military first,' is a North Korean political and military strategy emphasizing the military's supremacy over other sectors of society, particularly in governance and resource allocation. This doctrine has been a cornerstone of North Korea's regime since the 1990s, shaping its national policies and affecting the country's political system and international relations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Songun was formally declared as the state policy in 1995 by Kim Jong-il, as a response to economic crises and food shortages in North Korea.
2. Under songun, the military receives priority in budget allocations, often at the expense of civilian needs and economic development.
3. This policy has resulted in a powerful military influence over North Korean politics, with key military figures occupying significant positions in the government.
4. Songun has justified North Korea's nuclear weapons program as a means of deterring external threats and ensuring national security.
5. The emphasis on military readiness under songun has contributed to ongoing tensions with South Korea and other countries, shaping North Korea's foreign relations.

Review Questions

• How has songun influenced the political landscape of North Korea since its implementation?
  • Songun has significantly shaped North Korea's political landscape by prioritizing military needs over civilian interests. This approach has led to a strong military presence in government, with military leaders often holding key positions. Additionally, the policy reinforces the regime's control by promoting loyalty to the military and justifying aggressive postures towards perceived external threats.
• Evaluate the impact of songun on North Korea's economy and resource allocation.
  • Songun has had a profound impact on North Korea's economy by prioritizing military spending over essential civilian needs. Resources that could have been used for economic development or humanitarian aid are instead funneled into the military. This has led to widespread food shortages and economic stagnation, as civilian sectors struggle for funding while the military thrives.
• Assess how songun shapes North Korea's international relations and security strategy in the context of global politics.
  • Songun shapes North Korea's international relations by framing its security strategy around a narrative of external threats, which justifies its nuclear ambitions and military posture. This doctrine creates tension with other countries, particularly South Korea and the United States, leading to confrontational diplomacy. The emphasis on military strength under songun complicates efforts for denuclearization talks and contributes to regional instability, demonstrating how internal policy can heavily influence global dynamics.

Related terms

Juche: The official state ideology of North Korea, promoting self-reliance and independence from foreign powers while emphasizing the importance of the leader.

Kim Il-sung: The founding leader of North Korea, who established the songun policy and shaped the country's political landscape through his leadership.

Military-Industrial Complex: A close relationship between a country's military and its defense industry, which influences national policy and prioritizes military spending.