Buddhism in Balhae

Definition

Buddhism in Balhae refers to the influence and practice of Buddhism in the Balhae kingdom, which existed from the 7th to the 10th century in what is now northern China and parts of Korea. This form of Buddhism was characterized by its integration with local beliefs, the establishment of monasteries, and the promotion of Buddhist texts and art, reflecting the cultural syncretism of Balhae as it emerged as a successor state to Goguryeo.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Buddhism became a prominent religion in Balhae due to its roots in Goguryeo, where Buddhism had already gained a foothold.
2. The kingdom established numerous temples and monasteries that served as centers for religious practice, education, and community gatherings.
3. Buddhism in Balhae saw a blend of Mahayana and Vajrayana traditions, showcasing diverse practices and beliefs.
4. Notable figures such as the monk Hyecho traveled to India and returned with Buddhist texts that enriched Balhae's religious landscape.
5. Artistic expressions such as sculptures, paintings, and architecture during this period reflect the deep influence of Buddhism on Balhae's culture.

Review Questions

• How did Buddhism develop and change in Balhae compared to its origins in Goguryeo?
  • Buddhism in Balhae evolved from its origins in Goguryeo, where it was initially introduced. While it maintained core elements from Goguryeo’s practices, Balhae adapted these teachings to fit its unique cultural context. This adaptation included integrating local beliefs and fostering a distinct blend of Mahayana and Vajrayana traditions, leading to a rich tapestry of Buddhist practices that were influenced by both indigenous traditions and external sources.
• Analyze the role of monasteries and temples in Balhae society and how they contributed to cultural development.
  • Monasteries and temples played a crucial role in Balhae society by serving not only as places of worship but also as centers for education and community organization. They were instrumental in spreading Buddhist teachings and practices throughout the kingdom. Additionally, these institutions fostered cultural development through artistic endeavors, as seen in sculpture and architecture. The interaction between religious life and daily activities helped integrate Buddhist values into the broader social fabric of Balhae.
• Evaluate the impact of figures like Hyecho on Buddhism in Balhae and how their contributions shaped regional religious practices.
  • Hyecho's travels to India significantly impacted Buddhism in Balhae by introducing new texts and teachings that enriched local practices. His accounts of Buddhist practices abroad not only informed local monks but also encouraged cross-cultural exchanges that enhanced the understanding of Buddhist philosophy within Balhae. By promoting these texts and teachings upon his return, Hyecho helped shape a more informed and diverse religious landscape that facilitated deeper engagement with both Buddhist doctrine and practice among the people of Balhae.

Related terms

Balhae:

A kingdom that flourished from the 7th to the 10th century, known for its cultural achievements and political power in Northeast Asia.

Goguryeo:

One of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, which greatly influenced Balhae in terms of culture, governance, and religious practices.

Silla:

Another of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, Silla interacted with Balhae culturally and politically, contributing to the spread of Buddhism in the region.